大面積溫室物流系統之最佳化設計要則

Equations and Rules for Optimal Design of Large-Scale Greenhouse Materials Flow System

方煒(Wei Fang) ； G. A. Giacomelli

《農業機械學刊》 2卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.30062/JAM.199306.0001

摘要

物流系統包括內部配置與物料搬運。與內部配置相關的參數包括：溫室內‘側數’，各側內‘帶數’，各帶內‘區數’，各區內‘列數’，各列內‘床數’，平均運輸距離等；與搬運系統相關的參數包括：工作者之運輸速度與人數，工作者及相關設備之每次搬運量等；與系統性能相關的參數包括工作者使用效率，機器使用效率等均於本文中定義。另外，本研究亦針對此人員／配置／機器三者相關的複合系統導出用以計算系統參數的公式，此些系統參數包括：運輸週期，總運搬時間，總操作時間，最大緩衝區空間及平衡因子等。綜合前述之所有參數，本文亦同時介紹一些經驗法則及一解析程序以辨識物流系統之現狀，系統之瓶頸及評估在某些限制條件下系統之可行性。此些公式與經驗法則皆可由數學上直接驗證，也可由前所發展之動畫顯示動態模擬軟體透過電腦模擬來加以驗證。簡言之，此些參數、公式與經驗法則均可用來決定一既有溫室之物流系統是否可行，更可用來找出改善的對策；若能運用於系統設計之初，則更可發揮其功能，使物流系統之設計達到最佳之效果。

關鍵字

溫室 ； 物流系統 ； 最佳化設計 ； 決策支援

並列摘要

Materials flow system design including the design of the layout and the materials handling systems. Parameters of layout, such as number of sides per layout, number of blocks per side, number of bays per block, number of rows per bay, number of benches per row, average transport distance; parameters of transport system, such as the transporting speed, number and carrying capacity of transporters, capacity of machinery were defined. Time-based performance parameters such as utilization of transporter and utilization of machine were developed. In addition, equations for calculating system parameters such as average cycle time, total handling time, total operation time, maximum buffer size, and balancing factor were developed for the labor/machine/layout configuration. Based on these parameters, rules and an analytical procedure were proposed to identify the status of the existing system, the bottleneck of the existing system and to check the workability of the user proposed system under the assigned constraints. The validity of these equations and rules was determined mathematically. While animated, dynamic simulations were created to aid in the validation of the equations and rules developed and to further gain insight where multiple laborers work within a stochastic system. Potentially, these parameters, equations, and rules may be utilized for determining the feasibility of renovated systems, as well as, for optimal design of future systems.

並列關鍵字

Greenhouse ； Materials flow ； Optimal design ； Decision support