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種苗移植作業夾持具之設計與性能分析

Design and Performance Analyses of Grippers for Seedling Transplanting

摘要


在穴盤苗生長過程中,受到種子發芽率及栽培管理上種種因素的影響,會造成育苗箱中有缺株或種苗生長不佳的現象。以機械化移植設備替代目前由人工進行之缺株補植作業,將有助於改善種苗生產自動化作業之瓶頸。本研究之目的乃針對穴盤育苗箱之種苗移植作業,進行夾持具之設計,改良夾持具的機構並比較不同夾持具之性能,同時藉由根塊性狀之分析,探討影響夾持作業成功率之主要因子。 本研究中之夾持具設計主要分爲片狀與針狀兩種型式,在針狀夾持具的設計上又以針數的不同、角度及機構上的差異分為三型。夾持具以甘藍苗進行夾持試驗,並針對甘藍苗根塊之重量、長度、密度、破壞應力、介質之含水率、根系之重量、主根長度以及代表種苗生長期之葉片數、葉重等進行量測,所量測得之性狀並以統計方法分析出影響夾持成功率之王要因子及關係。實驗結果顯示片狀夾持具受根塊性狀之影響較小,但較不適於應用在葉片超出苗穴外之種苗移植,否則易造成種苗之傷害。就整體表現而言,針狀夾持具的移植效果較片狀為佳,且以四針式優於二針式,但二針式較不易傷及苗株,因此當甘藍苗本葉片數為5片以上時,由於根系完整,以二針式夾持具來進行移植作業其成功率可達100%。對針狀夾持具而言,根塊之含水率與主根長度可視為影響夾持成功率的主要指標。在根系不佳的情況下若含水率低於52%以下,或主根長度超過180 mm之情況下,夾持的成功率均可達到90%以上。

關鍵字

夾持具 移植 種苗 育苗介質

並列摘要


Missing seedlings in a nursery tray frequently occurs due to poor seed germination or management of seedling nursery process. In order to sell seedling nursery tray as a commodity for vegetable growers, missing seedling cells have to be transplanted with healthy seedlings. This practice is currently accomplished by hand and causes a bottle neck in the process of seedling production. One alternative to solve this problem is to utilize an automatic seedling transplanting machine. The objectives of this research were to improve the original design of the seedling grippers and to analyze major seedling plug characteristics that may affect the transplanting operation. Two types of grippers, flat-type and needle-type, were built in this study. For the needle-type grippers, three models with different mechanisms were implemented and tested with head cabbage seedlings under various conditions. The physical characteristics of head cabbage seedlings such as plug weight, plug length, leaf number and leaf weight were measured. The data were statistically analyzed and correlated to the successful rate of transplanting operation of each grippers. The experimental results revealed that the flat-type gripper was less restricted to the seedling plug characteristics than the needle-typegrippers. However, the flat-type gripper was more likely to cause damage to seedlings, especially for those seedlings with leaves extended to other tray cells. For head cabbage seedling of later growth stage, needle-type grippers is favorable to the flat-type grippers. Among the needle-type grippers, the gripper with two needles exhibited better performance than the grippers with four needles for transplanting operation of head cabbage seedling of later stage (more than5 leaves). Seedling plug moisture content and root length appeared to be the major indicators reflecting plug characteristics that may affect the transplanting operation. For Seedling plug with moisture content less than 52% or root length over 180 mm, high successful rate for seedling transplanting (>90%) could be achieved with all needle-type grippers.

並列關鍵字

Gripper Transplanting Seedling Growth medium

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