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百合小鱗球組織培養人工增殖作業之模擬與分析

Simulation and Analysis on Manual Multiplication Process of Lily Microbulbs Tissue Culture

摘要


組織培養因具有可生產高品質種苗及快速生產等優點,目前已成為國內繁殖種苗的一項重要方法,而百合是國內新近發展之主要花卉種類之一,其於繁殖無病毒親本或新品種時通常採用組織培養鱗片杆插繁殖方法增殖,此種作業現皆由人工作業完成,其中小鱗球去根葉、小鱗球剝瓣(切塊)及鱗片移植三項作業所需時間,經調查佔整體作業時間之73.2%至95.3%,此佔時問最多之三項作業,應優先考慮機械化俾以降低成本。本研究中建立了百合小鱗球增殖作業之離散模式,以探討影響作業的各項因子,模式中所設定之進料瓶數、單瓶作業時間及增殖倍率,是採用對數常態(Lognormal)密度函數,模擬結果以統計方法檢定顯示,可正確模擬本研究中所調查單位之實際作業情形。所建立之模式亦用以進行電腦模擬探討增殖倍率與作業人員操作純熟度等因子對於增殖作業的影響。在本研究中同時比較了傳統批式處理小鱗球與較容易機械化的分段式處理方式的異同。由曰位作業人員分別負責夾出小鱗球去根葉、小鱗球切塊及鱗片移植等三項作業所組成之分段式作業,經實測其完成10瓶所需之作業時間比批式作業節省37.4%,惟人員利用率平均僅達64.7%,但若將三項作業分別由二、二及一人進行一貫作業時,其人員利用率經模擬結果顯示可提高為90.3%。

並列摘要


Tissue culture technique has become one of the important approaches in Taiwan for plant propagation due to its advantages in obtaining high quality plantlets and high propagation rate. In order to produce domestic lily bulbs, tissue culture of microbuib cuttings has been practically produced to obtain virus free mother stocks and new varieties in Taiwan. In this research, three most time-consuming tasks in the manual lily microbulb micropropagation process were identified. They are: roots and leaves removal, microbulb scale separation and transplanting. These tasks totally account for 73.2% to 95.3% of the entire labor time and may be considered as the first priority in the mechanization of the micropropagation process. A batch type simulation model was constructed to simulate and analyze manual micropropagation operations. The lognormal density function was used to describe the stochastic behavior of input vessel quantity, single vessel processing time and propagation rate in the model. The simulation results agreed well with the actual operations of the selected establishments in Taiwan. Simulations were performed to investigate the influence of propagation rates and operators' skill on the output of the process. A stepwise operation model, which is more suitable for mechanization, was also constructed for comparisons with conventional batch type operation. Validation experiments were carried out for the stepwise model and the results show that 37.4% reduction in labor time could be achieved while the average utilization of operators only reaches 64.7%. However, simulation results showed that the utilization of operators can be increased to 90.3% if operators are allocated in the three divided operations at a 2-2-1 ratio.

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