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中國大陸人事制度特色與海峽兩岸人事制度比較

The Characteristics of Personnel System of China & the Comparative Studies on Personnel Systems across the Taiwan Straits

摘要


本篇論文著重研究中國大陸人事制度特色,並就海峽兩岸人事制度基本特性相互比較。自一九二一年中共實施「幹部制度」,而於一九四九年底建國以來,由「幹部制度」而「崗位責任制」,進而實施「公務員制度」,其主要特色包含「黨性至上」、「黨管幹部」、「政 治化」、「紅與專」、「法制化」等色彩。而就海峽兩岸人事制度之比較言之,主要來自「共產集權型」與「歐美民主型」取向之差異,以致在人事行政基本體制、公務員法規、人事機關、中央與地方人事權限、公務員分類等級、人事管理體制、公務員權益保障等層面均各具特色,互有不同。兩岸人事制度亦有相似之處,諸如「官僚化」、「政治化」、「威權型」與若干「行政文化生態」等項。本文並分別論述兩岸人事制度之優勢與缺失及未來展望。以上的探討分析與比較研究純屬學理研討,對於實際政治情結未予指涉。本文內容涉及廣泛,故仍以兩岸人事制度基本特色與其重點比較為探討主題。

並列摘要


The main purpose of this article stresses upon the characteristics of the personnel system in China, and the comparative studies of the personnel systems across the Taiwan Straits. The evolution of the civil service of China includes ”Kanpoo” system ”Position Responsibility” system and ”Public Servant” system. The main characteristics of the systems mentioned above remark the ”Communist- Party dominance”, ”Party-Management” orientation, ”Politicization”, ”Red & Expert” and ”Legalization.” There are similarities and differences of the personnel systems between China and the other part of Taiwan Straits. The personnel systems differ in the basic personnel structures, civil service laws, central personnel organizations, central-local personnel function, classification, personnel management and civil service protection. Some similarities include bureaucratic red-type, politicization, authority-centerd, administrative culture-ecology. A comprehensive or macro view of the personnel systems between both sides is also reexamined in this article.

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