經濟發展、國家能力與政治民主：理論與實證經驗初探

Economic Development, State Strength and Political Democratization: Theories and a Preliminary Analysis

廖俊松(Chun-Sung Liao)

《中國行政評論》 7卷2期 (1998/03) Pp. 155-172

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1998.7(2).05

摘要

本文主要是探討第三世界國家經濟發展、國家能力與政治民主化過程之間的關係。經由七十六個國家十八年間的資料檢證，本研究指出三者間的關係如下：（1）國家能力與經濟成長具有互惠的關係；（2）經濟發展水平的提升有助於政治民主化之過程；以及（3）強勢國家能力有礙於政治民主化的進展。可知經濟成長與民主發展間的關係實與國家能力的運作有極大的關聯性：強勢國家能力表現益於經濟的成長，其依序有助於國家政治民主之改革，但過於專斷的國家能力之表現卻又有礙於政治民主之發展。是如何掌控國家能力促進國家經濟成長而不危及政治改革之契機實是發展中國家執政者應當努力學習的方向。

關鍵字

國家能力 ； 民主富裕理論 ； 新古典成長理論 ； 發展型國家機制理論

並列摘要

This study examines economic development, state strength and political democratization in the Third World during the past two decades in terms of a three-equation simultaneous structure. Through a broad-based dataset including both cross-national and time-series information, the statistical outputs display (1) a reciprocal relationship between state strength and growth performance, (2) a beneficial effect of the level of economic affluence to political democratization, and (3) a harmful effect of a strong state to democratic development. From the evidence, state strength is logically proved to be an instrumental variable between economic development and political democratization: state strength is good to economic growth and subsequently to political democratization, but it is harmful for further democratic development if the state is over-politicized. As a result, suggestively, that how a state manages its political power to advance economic growth without hurts for democratic proceeding becomes an important lesson for the leaders of Third World countries.

並列關鍵字

State Strength ； The Wealth Theory of Democracy ； Neoclassical Growth Theory ； Developmental State Theory