利益分配、制度與環保政策之制訂

Interest Distributions, Institution, and Environmental Policy-Making

徐仁輝(Jen-Hui Hsu)

《中國行政評論》 7卷4期 (1998/09) Pp. 77-94

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1998.7(4).03

摘要

環保政策的制訂過程受其所產生的利益與成本分配情形之影響，本文依Wilson（1974）的分類將環保管制政策分為四大類，並分別以台灣的四項環保個案予以歸類分析。在台灣的制度環境下，發現當成本或利益集中時，有組織的利益團體對政策制訂產生影響力；當成本與效益皆分散時，行政部門對於政策制訂較具自主性，但因行政程序的簡略，仍出現抗爭現象；又由於公民參與制度的未建立，一般分散的環保利益經常被忽視。藉環保政策的分析，本文建議在推動民主化的同時，有關公共政策制訂的制度應配合建立。

關鍵字

利益（或成本）集中 ； 利益（或成本）分散 ； 制度 ； 政策制訂 ； 集體行動 ； 環保政策

並列摘要

Environmental policy-making is influenced by the interest distributions affected by it. According to Wilson's classification about regulatory policies, the research analyzes four types of Taiwan's environmental policies. In the situation of concentrated benefits or costs, interest groups have strong incentive to influence policy-making and can succeed. Although in the situation of diffused benefits and costs the environmental bureaus have more freedom, there are still some protests against government during to the simplified process of policy-making. Since the lack of institutions about citizen participation, the diffused public environmental interests always are ignored. The results suggest that the institutions of public policy-making need to be built as we are democratizing.

並列關鍵字

Benefit (or cost) concentrated ； Benefit (or cost) diffused ； Institution ； Policy-making ； Collective action ； Environmental policy