利益團體影響政府決策之研究

The Influence of Interest Groups on Government Policy-Making

張世熒(Shih-Ying Chang)

《中國行政評論》 9卷3期 (2000/06) Pp. 23-52

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2000.9(3).02

摘要

在現代民國家，人民的言論、結社自由，是憲法賦予的基本權利，因此，各式各樣利益團體的產生，本就是自然現象。而法律及政策在公佈實施時，要能得到人民的普遍遵守，首要之務就是在制定過程當中，以透明的方式公開徵詢各界的意見，儘量讓各種團體的利益得到融合、協調，如此，人民才會覺得法律是公正的，願意受其規範。　而利益團體影響政府決策之方式，基本上有兩個途徑，一是介入各種公職人員選舉，另一是在政策制定過程中，對行政部門、立法部門、政黨及輿論等加以遊說，以制定或修改對其團體有利之政策。　本文首先界定利益團體之定義，然後就利益團體、壓力團體、派系及政黨等加以比較，了解利益團體之種類，並分析利益團體之正面功能及其常見之缺失，探討利益團體遊說之對象及運作方式，最後對如何立法規範利益團體之遊說活動提出建議。

關鍵字

利益團體 ； 壓力團體 ； 政黨 ； 遊說 ； 多元主義 ； 統合主義

並列摘要

In modern democratic countries, the freedom of speech and organization is the basic rights entitled by the Constitution. Therefore, it is a nature phenomenon for a society to exist diverse Interest groups. Furthermore, in order to promote the public obedience to the laws and public polices announced by government, it is necessary for the government to solicit every kinds of opinion from society during the policy-making process; that is to accommodate and reconcile the rights and benefits of various interest groups. Therefore, people would respect the fairness of laws and are willing to obey its regulation. Generally speaking, interest groups influence public policy-making in two ways: first, they engage actively in every kinds of campaign activities; secondly, during the policy-making process, they lobby or pressurize executive departments sections, legislatures, parties, and public opinion in order to make or amend policy favorable to their interest. This study will first define the meaning of interest groups and compare interest groups. Factions. And party to clarify the categories and types of interest groups, Meanwhile, I will analyze the positive functions and drawbacks of interest groups, and explore the subjects toward whom interest lobby and the way they exercise, Finally, I will make suggestions regarding how to regulate the lobby activities of interest groups by making laws.

並列關鍵字

interest groups ； pressure groups ； party ； lobby ； pluralism ； corporatism