分立政府:肇因、影響、改革

Divided Government: Causes, Consequences, and Reforms

吳重禮(Chung-Li Wu)

《中國行政評論》 10卷4期 (2001/09) Pp. 1-22

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.2001.10(4).01

摘要

近十年來，探討「分立政府」（divided government）議題似乎成為美國政治學界研究的主流之一。鑑於分立政府的研究具有重要的理論意涵及實際政治的參考價值，本文旨在檢視三項核心議題，其包括形成分立政府的肇因、分立政府與「一致政府」（unified government）運作的影響差異，以及如何改革分立政府所造成的可能弊端。儘管學者曾提出眾多關於分立政府起因的解釋，但是迄今仍未發展出一套周全的學說，足以為多數學者所認同。同樣地，關於一致政府與分立政府之體制運作及其影響，亦有不同評價與論述。換言之，相對於一致政府的運作，分立政府是否較易導致政策滯塞（policy gridlock）、停頓（deadlock）與缺乏效率（inefficiency），以及行政與立法部門之僵局（stalemate），仍是眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。另外，在前兩項議題研究尚未釐清之前，對於杜絕分立政府可能產生的缺失，所應採取的政治改革芻議，似乎仍嫌過早。在結語中，本文認為，我國學界尚未確切知悉台灣地區分立政府的肇因與影響之前，立即提出各類改革方案，恐仍有待商榷。

關鍵字

分立政府 ； 分裂投票 ； 政府表現 ； 領導效能

並列摘要

For the past decade, the study of divided government – that is, the executive and legislative branches are controlled by different political parties – seemingly becomes one the major paradigms in American political science. In view of the important implications of divided government theoretically and practically, this study concentrates on three core issues on divided government: causes, consequences, and reforms. Concerning the causes of divided government, researchers have developed some distinct approaches to the study of split-ticket voting behavior, but none of them provided a comprehensive explanation. Just as not knowing the causes of divided government, the question about the consequences of divided government-do policy gridlock, deadlock, inefficiency, and stalemate arise under divided government?-remains contentious. In addition, any proposals of reform for divided government are obviously inappropriate unless both causes and consequences can be thoroughly clarified and comprehended. The phenomenon of divided government has become daily reality in Taiwan’s national and local politics. Yet it receives relatively little attention from a comparative perspective. I conclude that any suggested reforms could be seriously problematic before we make a fundamental assessment of the causes and consequences of divided government in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

divided government ； split-ticket voting ； government performance ； leadership efficiency