台灣半總統制下“少數政府”的存續：2000~2004

The Survival of Minority Governments under Semi-Presidentialism: Taiwan, 2000~2004

陳宏銘(Hong-Ming Chen)

《東吳政治學報》 25卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 1-64

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.200712.0001

摘要

公元2000年政黨輪替後，在我國半總統制之下，中央政府形成所謂的「少數政府」，此種政府形成後為何得以存活不斷延續下去？在野黨為什麼沒有能夠成功地提出不信任案？是否是因為陳總統和民進黨政府在立法院中採取相關作為而實質上贏得了國會多數的支持？現有研究對上述問題並非沒有提出相關解答，但多缺乏較細緻的實證分析，且對於執政黨和反對黨的行為和策略亦留下許多空白，本文試圖補現有文獻之不足。作者採取新制度論的觀點，兼重制度層次和個人層次分析，藉由深入訪談資料在內的質性資料之輔助，分析憲政制度因素以及政治行動者的策略選擇之作用。具體而言，政府組成和存續的遊戲規則、陳總統和在野政黨的目標、政治計算和策略等之探討是本文的分析焦點。作者發現，在我國特有半總統制的制度條件下所形成的行動者選擇，乃是解釋少數政府存續的最重要關鍵，而這樣的解釋必須放在一個動態的政黨相對實力變遷和歷史情境中呈現。

關鍵字

半總統制 ； 少數政府 ； 分立政府 ； 新制度論 ； 不信任投票

並列摘要

The minority government has existed since 2000 under Taiwan's semi-presidential system. How was it able to form and survive successfully without real challenges from the opposition parties? Does it mean that the President Chen Shui-bian and the DPP government have actually gained control of the majority of seats in the Legislative Yuan by winning the support of the majority of the legislators? These questions are by no means new ones. However, we still lack an adequate understanding of them. This paper, based on a theoretical framework of semi-presidentialism, uses qualitative data, including in-depth interviews, and explores the experience of Taiwan's minority governments from 2000 to 2004. Looking at the topic from a new institutionalist perspective, the author analyzes the different political actors' goals and strategic choices concerning the rules of government formation and survival under the ROC's constitutional structure. The study shows that both institutional and behavioral factors should be included simultaneously in order to answer the research questions. Namely, the political actions of the president and the opposition parties are the main focus of the study, except for constitutional design. In addition, the study discusses historical context and analyzes the strengths of political actors and the relationships among them at different times.

並列關鍵字

semi-presidentialism ； minority government ； divided government ； new institutionalism ； vote of no confidence

參考文獻

黃秀端(2003)。少數政府在國會的困境。台灣政治學刊。7(2)，1-46。

吳重禮(2006)。憲政設計、政黨政治與權力分立：美國分立政府的運作經驗及其啓示。問題與研究。45(3)，133-166。

黃德福(2000)。少數政府與責任政治：台灣「半總統制」之下的政黨競爭。問題與研究。39(12)，1-23。

吳重禮(2000)。美國分立性政府研究文獻之評析：兼論台灣地區政治發展。問題與研究。39(3)，75-101。

International Constitutional Law