全球公民社會對國際非政府組織在中國大陸發展的影響

The Impact of Global Civil Society on the Development of International NGOs in China

林德昌(Teh-Chang Lin)

《東吳政治學報》 28卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 93-146

https://doi.org/10.6418/SJPS.201012.0093

摘要

自1978年中國大陸推動改革開放以來，與國際接軌成為北京所關注的重要焦點。與國際接軌不僅反映了北京的渴望獲得外資和國際援助，而且也可觀察到在全球公民社會的風潮下，中國大陸如何開始接觸與學習國際規範。再者，在中國大陸改革的歷程中，也帶來了政治、經濟和社會的變革與轉型，故在全球公民社會和跨國聯結理念的引導下，許多國際非政府組織乃開始對當前中國大陸所面臨的諸多轉型問題，產生了濃厚的興趣。儘管中國大陸與國際社會的雙向互動，有日益加強的趨勢，但鑑於中共一黨專政與專制威權的本質，以及強調以國家為主軸的國家與社會關係，不但塑造了具有中國特色的公民社會、非政府組織與社會運動，更制約了國際非政府組織的進入中國大陸與項目計畫的執行。同時，中國大陸的特殊政治、經濟和社會發展背景，亦形塑了國際非政府組織在中國大陸的特殊跨國聯結模式。據此，本文首先試圖探討在全球公民社會的架構下，非政府組織與跨國議題聯結，如何對中國大陸造成影響與衝擊，以及中國大陸如何因應此一發展趨勢。其次，本文亦試圖分析在面臨著經濟和社會的快速發展與轉型，以及在面對全球化與非政府組織跨國聯結的發展趨勢下，北京對國際非政府組織進入中國大陸的認知與政策為何？再者，北京對國際非政府組織所採行的特定政策，如何塑造出後者在中國大陸的發展特色？

關鍵字

國際非政府組織 ； 全球公民社會 ； 跨國聯結 ； 建構主義 ； 國家與社會關係

並列摘要

Linking with the international community has become a crucial concern for Beijing ever since the economic reforms in 1978. In addition to indicating Beijing's desire of receiving more foreign investment and international assistance from the international community, it also provides a very useful indication for observing Beijing's learning with international norms under the framework of a global civil society. Moreover, the economic reforms have inevitably contributed to the radical transformation in political, economic and societal development in China. Consequently, under the guidelines of global civil society and transnational issue linkage, international NGOs have thus paid great intention to China. Although the mutual communication between China and international society has increased to a great extent, the Chinese Communist Party, with its inherent nature of party-state and authoritarianism, has dramatically shaped the formation of civil society with Chinese characteristics and further constrained the development of international NGOs in China, in terms of their registrations and projects execution. Moreover, the unique context of political, economic and social development in China has inevitably shaped the pattern of transnational issue linkage between international NGOs and Chinese NGOs. This article endeavors to explore, under a global civil society, the impact of NGOs and transnational issue linkage on China and how China reacts to it. This article also tries to analyze, with the rapid economic and social transformation in China and the emergence of globalization and transnational issue linkage, why do these factors enhance the interaction between international NGOs and Chinese NGOs? It then explains the factors contributing to the emergence of a unique development of international NGOs in China.

並列關鍵字

international NGO ； global civil society ； transnational linkage ； constructivism ； state-society relations

參考文獻

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World Bank. 2010. “China and World Bank.” in http://web.worldbank.org/website/external/countries/eastasiapacificext/chinaextn/. Latest update 14 June 2010

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