地理資訊系統於植群生態指數分析之應用

Application of GIS in Analysis of Vegetation Ecological Indices

詹進發(Jihn-Fa Jan)

《航測及遙測學刊》 7卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 23-38

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2002.7(2).2

摘要

植群生態指數之建立旨在瞭解植物社會之生態歧異性、生育地環境、林分構造。本研究利用全球衛星定位系統測量設置於自然保護區之永久樣區的基點位置，並逐一量測樣木相對於樣區基點之座標值，以及林木生育地環境因子如：海拔高度、坡度、方位角等。野外調查資料利用地理資訊系統建置植物資源地理資料庫，經由座標轉換計算樣區與樣木位置之絕對座標值，並自動產生樣區與樣木位置主題圖層，以便與其他基本圖套疊。此外，並建立植群生態指數分析模式，分析植群之優勢度指數、種類豐富度指數、歧異度指數、均勻度指數與重要值指數。研究結果顯示，地理資訊系統不僅可以有效管理植物資源地理資料庫與提昇資料品質，並可隨時依分析者之目的需求篩選樣區與樣木，迅速分析植群之生態指數。植群生態指數分析結果有助於瞭解自然保護區之生態環境變遷與植群演替過程，可供自然保護區經營管理之參考。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統 ； 植群生態指數 ； 自然保護區

並列摘要

Vegetation ecological indices are useful for understanding the ecological diversity, physical environment, and stand structure of vegetation. This research utilized global positioning system to measure the coordinates of the base points of permanent plots designated in nature reserves. Furthermore, the locations of sample trees within the plots, slope, aspect, and several physical environmental factors of the plots were measured. Geographic information system was applied to establish a geographic database for vegetative resources using field data. The absolute coordinates of plots and sample trees were calculated by using coordinates transformation, and the thematic maps of plots and sample trees were generated automatically from the data. In addition, a vegetation ecological indices analysis model was implemented to derive a number of ecological indices of vegetation, which includes index of dominance, species richness index, index of diversity, evenness index, and important value index (IVI). The results show that GIS is very effective in managing geographic database of vegetation and improving the data quality. Using GIS, the analyst can dynamically select sample plots and rapidly derive various ecological indices of the vegetation. The results of vegetation ecology analysis are useful for understanding the environmental changes and the processes of ecological succession within nature reserves.

並列關鍵字

geographic information system (GIS) ； vegetation ecological index ； nature reserve