國家機器、勞工政策與勞工運動

State, Labor Policies and Labor Movement

王振寰(Jenn-Hwan Wang) ； 方孝鼎(Xiau-Ding Fang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 13期 (1992/11) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199211.0001

摘要

本文所問的問題是：國民黨政府以什麽方式規範勞資關係？這些規範模式經過解嚴後的勞工運動，産生了甚麽樣的變化？我們以實在主義的觀點、歷史分析的方式，考察台灣勞工法令的內容和政治運作，以及它們與新興勞工運動之間的關係，藉此分析臺灣的國家機器在勞資關係中扮演的角色。
我們指出：長期以來國民黨政府一直以勞工法令規範勞資關係，勞工法令既賦予、也限制了勞工的工業公民權。但在戒嚴時期，戒嚴法凌駕勞工法令之上，勞工法令並沒有真正在運作，勞工的工業公民權與從未實現。解嚴後，政治壓制降低，勞工運動快速興起，開始爭取既有勞工法令所賦予的各項工業公民權。不過，由於勞工運動造成資本積累的困難，衝擊國家機器的權威，國家機器乃開始以治安手段壓制工會的集體行動，另一方面，藉著修改勞工法令收束勞工的工業公民權，進一步降低勞工發動集體行動的可能性。由於勞工的階級力量遠遜於資本家，國家機器修法的趨向與程度極不利於一般勞工與工會運動。

關鍵字

勞工運動 ； 勞工政策 ； 國家機器 ； 工業公民權

並列摘要

The main question of this study is: what has been the role of the KMT regime in regulating Taiwan's labor relation? Has the role of the state been changed before and after the lifting of Martial Law in 1987 when labor movement began to challenge the state and capital?
We use a realist approachin analyzing this transformation. The main argument of this study is as followed: the KMT regime had retained a contradictory policy towards labor relations before 1987. But after the mobilization of the labor during 1987 and 1989, the state decided in 1990 to ally itself with the capital as so modify labor laws intending to discipline the labor and restricting labor's capability from mobilization. We argue that because of the weakness of the movement, together with the economic recession of 1989 and 1990 whence the capitalists gave tremendous pressure to the state, the labor has lost its momentum to fight against the state-capital coalition.

並列關鍵字

labor movement ； labor policy ； state ； industrial citizenship