國家與台灣資本主義的發展－評論《解構黨國資本主義》

The Pole of the State in the Development of Capitalism in Taiwan: A Review of Party-State Capitalism

瞿宛文(Wan-Wen Chu)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 20期 (1995/08) Pp. 151-175

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199508.0005

摘要

《解構黨國資本主義》一書不單影響力大，並相當代表了當前贊成全面自由化的觀點，值得我們將其放在這時空背景下進一步的討論。此書就全面整理戰後官營事業的資料做出了相當貢獻。書中顯示了強烈的反抗黨國威權的政治取向，但是其所用的理論基礎是新古典經濟學，所依據的準則是靜態經濟效率，由其推論出全面私有化的結論。這樣的討論，一方面忽略了發展文獻中關於國家以集體力量替代尚未健全的市場制度的討論，因此也只強了「黨國」的層面，而忽視了黨國在發展過程中對「商」的扶植，以及其所造就成的「官商資本主義」。一方面也忽略了西方關於公共政策與市場制孰優孰劣的長期爭論，而只呈現了在1980年代極爲流行的極小化政府角色的保守思潮。在當今黨國威權體制解體重組之際，反抗威權不能再是我們唯一甚或主要的任務，當今亟需的是更複雜化的公共政策的討論。

關鍵字

國家 ； 公營企業 ； 私有化／民營化 ； 黨國資本主義 ； 官商資本

並列摘要

Party-state Capitalism, written by six prominent economists in Taiwan, has been an influential book, and its advocation of sweeping liberalization typifies the current thinking in Taiwan's academic circle. Thus, it is worthwhlie of us to evaluate its views carefully against the historical background. The book manifests strong anti-KMT party-state political tendency, but its views on policy was based on the theories of the neoclassical economics. That theory focuses mainly on economic efficiency of resource allocation and hence unable to provide full support to its political views. On the one the one hand, its discussion ignored the entire development literature which emphasizes the role of state in substituting the yet-to-develop market in developing countries. Lacking historical perspective, the book puts sole emphasis on the party-state, and thus neglects the fact that the large businesses are becoming stronger partners in their relationship with the party-state, and hence overlooks the role of the large businesses in pushing liberalization. On the other hand, the book disregards the long-standing debate on public policy between the pro-intervention and the pro-market camps, and presents only the pro-market side, which happens to be the popular trend during the 1980s in the West. In today's Taiwan, the old authoritarian party-state is disintegrating and reorganizing itself, hence should not be the sole focus of attention, as was the case in the book. This perspective also led the book to reach the conclusion of total liberalization, and hence ignored the need to have more sophisticated policy analysis in the present circumstances.

並列關鍵字

state ； public enterprises ； privatization ； party-state capitalism