我們沒有共同的未來：西方主流“環保”關懷的政治經濟學

We Do Not Have a Common Future: The Political Economy of the Dominant Environmental Concern in the West

紀駿傑(Chun-Chieh Chi)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 31期 (1998/09) Pp. 141-168

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199809.0005

摘要

自從1987年出版以來，《我們共同的未來》(Our Common Future)一書就得到全球許多國際機構、政府、民間組織與學術界的重視，該書書名所表彰的價值也成了環保論述的主流價值。然而，本文指出，該書雖然正確的點出了許多當前全球環境問題的社會、經濟與政治根源，它所開的處方卻因為缺乏政治經濟學的分析與視野而淪為空泛與不切實際的口號，甚至可能更加速環境的破壞。本文從環境社會學的角度來探討當前全球有關環境保護的論述、政策及其影響，主張環境問題是個特定於階級、族群、地域的問題，因此，解決之道也必須是相對應的。若未能針對這些特殊的問題來討論，則非但不能解決問題，反而很可能更造成強勢者壓迫弱勢者的後果，因而更導致環境的加速惡化，保育的企圖有了適得其反的結果。環境保護必定是關乎政治經濟的，類似「我們共同的未來」這般全體主義的思考方式與相應政策只能加深，而不是解決全球多數人所真正關切的環境問題。同時，根據過去的失敗經驗，本文主張唯有兼顧基本資源權與人權保障的環境保護政策，才有可能是成功的政策。

關鍵字

我們共同的未來 ； 環境保護 ； 永續發展 ； 臭氧層 ； 蒙特婁公約 ； 國家公園 ； 野生動物保育 ； 保育帝國主義

並列摘要

Since its publication in 1987, Our Common Future has attracted the attention of many international organizations, governments, NGOs, and the academics; the values inherent in the book have also become the dominant values of environmental discourse. This article maintains that while the book correctly identifies many socio-economic-political roots of global environmental problems, its solutions lack a political-economic perspective and result in empty slogans, if not greater environmental destruction. Applying environmental sociological perspective, this article discusses global environmental discourse, policy and their effects, and argues that environmental problems are problems specific to class, ethnic groups and territory, which require corresponding solutions. If we fail to see this point, we will not only be unable to deal with environmental problems properly, but may also result in furthering the oppression of the dominant groups over other groups, thereby accelerates environmental destruction. Environmental protection must be about political economy, universalistic thinking such as ”our common future” will only deepen, not solve environmental problems that the majority of the people concern. This article strongly asserts that only by taking into account the protection of basic human rights and resource rights can environmental protection measures become successful.

並列關鍵字

our common future ； environmental protection ； sustainable development ； ozone layer ； Montreal Protocol ； national parks ； wildlife conservation ； conservation imperialism

參考文獻

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Beck, U.(1991).Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity.London:Sage Publications.