魚與熊掌：女性主義反性暴力論述之困境與省思

A Review of Western Feminist Dilemma in Sexual Assault Prevention Discourse

羅燦煐(Tsun-Yin Luo)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 34期 (1999/06) Pp. 187-219

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199906.0005

摘要

本文旨在藉由西方女性主義在性暴力防治上的論述困境，激發國內各界對本土性侵害防治理論與實踐的省思與討論，以促進台灣社會性侵害防治的性別平權與文化多元。鑑於國內性侵害防治主流論述與正規教育所隱含之性別偏見，個人取向與缺乏（教學）共識等問題，本文主張以西方女性主義反性暴力論述發展困境為「他山之石」，激發本土社會對性侵害防治建構的典範轉移，藉以提昇國內性侵害防治實踐的性別平權與文化多元。
女性主義的反性暴力論述，雖與廣為流傳的強暴迷思產生爭霸的效應，但也同時陷入論述之困境，例如：1．受暴恐懼引發之失能效應；2．受暴女性的自我認同：受害者vs．倖存者；3．強暴因應的個別差異，抗拒vs.屈從；4．強暴防制的社會控制：受害人控制vs.加害人控制vs.女性自我防衛；及5．受暴創傷的霸權化及醫療化。據此，本文提出若干性暴力防治意義建構之因應議題如下：1．強暴之文化解構與重構； 2．「強暴抗拒」的多元界定；3．「女性防暴」的性別規範；4．自我防衛與自我賦權；及5．男性防暴的集體責任，以嘗試回應當前女性主義反性暴力論述之困境，並期以激發國內各界對本土性侵害防治理論與實踐之省思與討論。基於上述議題所隱含的另類性別意識型態，國內社群的共識或異議可能引發台灣社會性侵害防治論述的典範轉移與防治資源的重新分配。

關鍵字

性暴力防治 ； 女性主義論述 ； 受暴恐懼 ； 受害人認同 ； 受暴創傷 ； 性別控制

並列摘要

To promote gender equity and multi-cultural thinking in the indigenous practice of sexual assault prevention in Taiwan, this article reviews several discursive dilemma among Western feminists, including: 1) rape fear and fear immobility; 2) self-identity of rape victims; 3) individual differences in rape resistance; 4) social control in rape prevention; and the hegemonization and medicalization of rape trauma. In an effort to cope with these dilemma and to engage in paradigm shift in sexual violence education in Taiwan, this study identifies the following issues for public discussion: 1) cultural de-construction and re-construction of sexual violence against women; 2) multi-cultural definition of rape resistance; 3) gender control implications in rape prevention; 4) the embodiment of empowering in women's self-defense training; and 5) male collective responsibility in rape prevention.

並列關鍵字

sexual assault prevention ； rape fear ； rape trauma ； victim self-identity ； gender norms ； male collective responsibility ； cultural construction

參考文獻

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