第三條路：新時代的新政治？

The Third Way: New Politics for New Times?

陳宜中(I-Chung Chen)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 40期 (2000/12) Pp. 153-179

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200012.0005

摘要

什麼是「第三條路」？本文檢討英美第三條路的幾項重要主張及其相關爭議，並提出一些反省和批評。過去二十多年間，歐洲各國福利體制無不面臨嚴峻的挑戰，而近年來隨著經濟全球化與區域化步伐的加快，以及結構性失業、產業結構改變、勞動市場轉型、高齡化等問題之浮現，來自於內外的改革壓力更是有增無減。基於此一體認，各種改革的版本、策略或路線應運而生，而布萊爾和季登士所主張的「第三條路」不過是其中之一。英國第三條路論者針對傳統歐美福利國家體制做出了深刻的批判，但他們以「打擊福利依賴」、「培育工作倫理」、「沒有責任就沒有權利」、「打造理想公民」為基調的整套說法與做法卻不無值得商榷之處。本文嘗試說明第三條路其實是一種與新右派十分接近的政治路線，而這種政治最令人詬病之處在於視而不見失業與貧窮問題的主因，轉而採取一種道德威權主義色彩強烈、以嚴厲的辭今與手腕對待弱勢者的統治方式。

關鍵字

第三條路 ； 社會民主 ； 福利國家 ； 工作福利 ； 工作倫理 ； 福利依賴 ； 社會投資

並列摘要

According to Anthony Giddens, the third way goes beyond both 'old-style social democracy' and 'neo-liberalism', and as such it represents the political renewal of social democracy. So what is the third way? To what extent is the project true to the ideals of European social democracy and American New Deal liberalism? This article takes the view that 'work' is central to third-way politics, and that understanding its attitudes towards work is a prerequisite of understanding much else that it does. The third-way welfare reform aims to promote work ethic through workfare programs, so as to 'end welfare as we knew it'. The article examines these key ideas and their logic, and some of their practical consequences. It concludes that the Anglo-American third way is no more than a moderate version of Thatcherism, and represents a return to the principles of the New Poor Law of 1834. The authoritarianism of third-way politics is subjected to critical scrutiny.

並列關鍵字

the third way ； social democracy ； welfare state ； workfare ； work ethic ； welfare dependency ； social investment

參考文獻

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Becker, U.(2000).Welfare State Development and Employment in the Netherlands in Comparative Perspective.Journal of European Social Policy.10(3)

Beer, S. H.(1998).Welfare Reform: Revolution or Retrenchment?.Publius.28(3)

Blair, T.(1998).The Third Way: New Politics for a New Century.London:Fourth Estate.