家國語言的公開祕密：試論下階層中國流亡者自我敍事的物質性

Nationalistic Language as an Open Secret: Diaspora, Cultural Citizenship, and the Materiality of Mainlanders' Self-Narratives

趙彥寧(Antonia Chao)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 46期 (2002/06) Pp. 45-85

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200206.0002

摘要

本文主要自下階層男性中國流亡者的生命史與自我敍事出發，試圖探究這些人士表面抒發的國族語言（作為言說媒介與書寫形式）之物質基礎、其隱含的時間性與歷史性、及其所理解並感知的真實範疇。藉由這個研究，我也希望對再現、階級與感官間的關係，提出一個奠基本土實證研究的理論詮釋可能。
本文第一節交代此研究使用的方法與此論文寫作的形式，並陳述男性流亡敍事的基本特性，及其無法全面性地套入當代台灣國族語彙的原因。本文第二節通過2000年總統大選前後受訪者的訪談與田野資料，試圖彰顯國族話語的物質基礎，藉以重新審視後解嚴時代台灣公共領域中有關理性、公民與國族情感間的可能關係，並試圖彰顯匱乏的物質條件如何可建構所謂的「公開的祕密」，而這個「祕密」的「公開性」，又如何可塑磨個人以「被騙與背叛」為主題的生命史主軸，且又何以激發或創構個人與集體的情緒展演與人際關係。本文第三節引用兩位下層受訪者的家國話語，進一步闡釋下層中國流亡者的階級特性，與此特性所激發的歷史能動性，並藉以提出對既存諸如「歷史」、「階級」、「真實」等議題的另類看法，並解釋「寓言的再現」模式何以顛覆性地轉換所謂的「真實」的象徵系統，而又如何可藉此回應當代台灣後解嚴社會所理解的「階級異化」之公眾看法。

關鍵字

流亡 ； 背叛 ； 公關的秘密 ； 物質性 ； 寓言 ； 異化

並列摘要

Abstract Based on ethnographical research and in-depth interviews with lower-class male Chinese diasporists in Taiwan (as commonly termed ”first generation of Mainlanders”), this paper seeks to examine the modes of materiality that have constructed and reconstructed these people's narratives of life history-a group of people that have generally deprived of both Cultural capital and economic means. It argues that, while normally embedded in a language evoking nationalistic sentiments and imageries, these narratives should be seen as symbolic mechanisms whereby individuals in exile build up their historical agency-a form of agency that has been denied to them by any of the nationalistic regimes having assuming power in post-WWII Taiwan. It proposes the conceptual frameworks of ”open secret” and ”magical realism” in understanding such a seemingly nationalistic narrative. By ”open secret” it refers to discursive acts surrounding the themes of national secret, deception and betrayal that are largely circulated among this group of people. By ”magical realism” it highlights the significance of agency and subjectivity in constructing an alternative national history through means, such as composing patriotic poems in semi-shamanistic trance or dream, that are often perceived by the larger society to be irrational or insane. This paper concludes with the argument that class, ethnicity and nationalism are interwoven and this interwoven-ness often manifests itself in the material basis that at once supports one's everyday life and is restructured through the symbolic actions in which one invests the most emotion. Without a cautious examination of such a form of materiality, we will not come to a fuller understanding of either the nature of diaspora or that of ethnic politics in contemporary Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Diaspora ； Betrayed ； Open Secret ； Materiality ； Allegory ； Alienation

參考文獻

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