沒有階級認同的勞工運動：台灣的自主工會與兄弟義氣的極限

A Working-Class Movement without Class Identity: Taiwan's Independent Labor Union Movement and the Limit of Brotherhood

何明修(Ming-Sho Ho)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 72期 (2008/12) Pp. 49-91

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200812.0002

摘要

台灣自主工會運動的興起是依賴基層工人之間的兄弟義氣，而不是階級認同。兄弟義氣是一種強調工人互助觀的團結文化，它固然能夠強化內聚力，抗拒外來的打壓，但是卻無法清楚地界定工人群體邊界；以及其挑戰的對象。本文從一個台灣國營工會晚近十餘年來的發展，來探討這種兄弟義氣的極限。自從八○年代末期以來，基層的團結使得自主工會勢力能夠克服資方與黨國的聯手打壓，將工會組織真正還給工人。但是在九○年代中期以後，兄弟義氣的限制卻顯得越來越明顯。一方面，兄弟義氣排除了某些工會會員，也無法將工會與基層會員的關係清楚地定位於階級面向上，而擴大成為無所不包的會員服務。另一方面，面臨民營化與事業改革的壓力下，兄弟義氣的範圍迅速萎縮，甚至演變成不同生產單位之間的競爭。本文主張，有瑕疵的兄弟義氣導致了此個案工會的內訌，同時也解釋了晚近台灣工運的停滯現象。

關鍵字

勞工運動 ； 階級認同 ； 兄弟義氣 ； 工會

並列摘要

The rise of Taiwan's independent labor union movement has been buttressed by rank-and-file workers' brotherhood, rather than class identity. Brotherhood is an everyday culture of solidarity that strengthens the internal cohesion and makes possible collective action against an external threat but at the same time vaguely defines the boundary of workers themselves. This paper analyzes the evolution of brotherhood in a labor union. Since the late-1980s, grassroots solidarity has helped the nascent independent union to withstand the repression from management and the KMT. But beginning in the mid-1990s, the limitations of brotherhood became visible. On the one hand, brotherhood excluded certain members and failed to focus on class issues that were more directly related to union members. On the other hand, under the pressure of privatization and enterprise reform, the scope of brotherhood was progressively narrowed. As a faulty mobilizing resource, brotherhood led to union's fratricide, which explained the reason why Taiwan's labor union movement stagnated as a whole.

並列關鍵字

labor movement ； class identity ； brotherhood ； labor union

參考文獻

何明修(2003)。工廠內的階級團結：連結石化工人的工作現場與集體行動。台灣社會學。6，1-59。

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