男性不在場：台灣女性參政的性別階序格局

The Absence of Men: Matrices of Gender Hierarchy behind Taiwanese Women's Political Participation

姜貞吟(Chen-Yin Chiang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 83期 (2011/08) Pp. 179-240

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.201108.0006

摘要

女性在政治場域的參與，一直是婦女運動與性別研究者高度關注的議題，並且將參政數量的增加視為政治參與性質轉變的重要關鍵，因此，關心政治與性別的學者，經常對兩性在政治參與的差異、不平等的現象提出解釋。過往研究經常以教育資源、專業技能、現代獨立來解釋現在女性參政提高的因素，但這個現代化的發展進程，卻無法完全解釋為什麼台灣女性參政比例還是無法快速增加的結構因素。本研究係以第二屆到第七屆女性立法委員為分析對象，目的在找出台灣女性參政的社會條件為何。研究發現如下：（1）台灣女性參政持續受到政治家庭與地方勢力的結構因素影響，形成「參選人才庫」的內在封閉網絡，排擠其他女性參政的可能。（2）台灣女性雖具有高教育程度與專業經歷等現代化人力資本的條件，但她們的出場仍然深受在地男性無法在場、男性不願在場、男性不准在場等性別框架所影響。（3）這三種男性不在場背後隱含了參選人才庫中的四個位階的「性別階序格局」，是一種以地方勢力與政治家庭為基礎單位，血緣、地緣跟性別為主要篩選機制所組成的階序格局模式。

關鍵字

政治參與 ； 女性 ； 性別 ； 立委選舉 ； 性別階序格局

並列摘要

Political participation of women is a starting point in the study of social structure of gender for many researchers. They think that increasing rate of political participation of women signifies the improvement of women's political status. Therefore, they often explain the phenomenon of gender differences and inequalities in political participation. Previous studies often interprets the factors influencing the increase of women's participation nowadays in politics with educational resources, professional skills, modern independence, however, this modernization process can't thoroughly explain why the participation rate of Taiwanese women still has yet to increase significantly. This study is based on the analysis of women legislators ranking from the second to seventh terms with the aim to identify the social conditions of Taiwanese women's participation in politics.The research findings are: (1) Taiwanese women's participation in politics has continually influenced by political families and the factional structures. This has resulted in ”pool of candidates” inner closed network and also led to the exclusion of other women in politics. (2) Although Taiwanese women have a high level of education and professional experience and other modern conditions of human capital, but their political participations are still profoundly limited by the gender frames like men's failure, reluctance, and forbidden to show up. (3) Behind the previous three situations in which men are absent implies the ranking gap of ”matrices of gender hierarchy” existing in the ”candidates pool”. This structure is primarily a screening mechanism based on the political families and local factional power structures, which is made up of kinship, geographical factors and gender politics.

並列關鍵字

political participation ； women ； gender ； legislative election ； matrices of gender hierarchy

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