檬果炭疽病菌之有性世代及溫度與光照對其形成之影響

The sexual stage (Glomerella cingulara) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from mango, and effect of temperature and light on its reproduction

安寶貞(P. J. Ann)

《植物病理學會刊》 4卷4期 (1995/12) Pp. 173-179

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199512_4(4).0004

摘要

檬果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)之有性世代(Glomerella cingulata)雖存在本省之果園內，但在田間之分布極低，分離到的茵株會形成有性世代之比率約在0.3-0.95%之間。不同茵株產生之子囊胞子數目有時有顯著差異，但各茵株的有性器官形態及形成有性世代之有例條件與過程均相似。在馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂(PDA)上產生子囊殼之時間約為8-10日，形成子囊及子囊胞子分別約需10-11日及10-12日；在培養20-30日時，子囊胞子會大量產生與釋放，子囊與子囊胞子在釋放後均會消失不見，在培養50-60天時，培養基上已無法檢測的子囊與子囊胞子，只剩下空子囊殼。形成有性世代之菌株同時會產生分生胞子，兩者並存在一起。在PDA上形成之有性世代器官與自然界落葉上形成者相似。PDA上形成之子囊殼為黑褐色倒梨形，平均大小為114.3-117.8X91.8-108μm，子囊殼中之子囊數為7-56，平均17.5。子囊棍棒狀，無色透明，大小平均為56.6-77.4X11.7-12.2μm。子囊胞子兩端對稱，略微彎曲，尖端鈍圓，大小平均為14.3-18.6X6.6-6.8μm。子囊胞子在15-30 C下均會形成，最適溫度約為25C ；而形成無性分生胞子之最適溫度約為30 C。光照有利於子囊胞子與分生胞子之形成，2000 Lux冷螢光、全日光照處理產生子囊胞子之數量遠較1000 Lux半日光照，或1000 Lux金日光照之產胞量為多。但光照量太強時(3000 Lux以上)，產胞量反而會減少。在完全黑暗下，子囊胞子不形成或產胞量十分稀少。

關鍵字

檬果炭疽病菌 ； 有性世代 ； 子囊胞子 ； 溫度 ； 光照

並列摘要

The sexual stage (Glomerella cingulata) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was detected in the mango orchards in Taiwan. However, the frequency of distribution of the homothallic perithecial strains was relatively low, with an isolation rate about 0.3 to 0.95%. The perithecial strains produced both ascospores and conidia on potato dextrose agar (PDA) while the conidial strains produced only conidia. On PDA under light treatment, the perithecial strains required 8-10 days. 10-11 days, and 10-12 days for perithecial, ascus, and ascospore formation, respectively. Abundant ascospores were prduced and released in/from asci after incubation for 20-30 days on the same medium, and only empty perithecia without asci nor ascospores can be detected after 50-60 days. The sexual organs produced on/ in PDA medium were similar to those formed in the diseased mango leaves in the fields. Ostiolate perithecia were dark brown, obpyriform or subglobose with an average range of 114.3-117.8 X 91.8-108μm. Each perithecium contained about 7-56 asci with an average of 17.5. Asci were hyaline. clavated, 8 spored, and mean ranged 56.6-77.4 X 11.7-12.2μm. Ascospores were hyaline and slightly curved, and ranged 14.3-18.6 X 6.6-6.8μm. The perithecial strains produced ascospores from 15-30 C with the optimum temperature around 25 C. While the optimum temperature for conidial formation was about 30 C. Light was essential for sexual reproduction and also enhanced conidial formation. Formation and production of ascospores under cool fluorescent light with light intensity of 2000 Lux for 24 hr/day,was significantly earlier and higher than those produced under 1000 Lux for 12 hr/day, 1000 Lux for 24 hr/day, and 3000 Lux for 24 hr/day. In darkness ascospores were not produced or produced scarcely.

並列關鍵字

mango anthracnose ； Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes ； Glomerella cingulata ； sexual ； ascopore ； temperature ； light