土壤微生物在金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥紓解拉草毒傷豌豆根系所扮演的角色

The Role of Soll Microorganisms in Alleviation of Root Injury of Garden Pea Seedlings by Alachlor with Spent Golden Mushroom Compost

黃振文(J. W. Huang) ； 胡建國(C. K. Hu) ； 石信德(S. D. Shih)

《植物病理學會刊》 5卷3期 (1996/09) Pp. 137-145

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199609_5(3).0003

摘要

在含有5ppm拉草的土壤中，添加5%(w/w)金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥，具有保護豌豆根系免於拉草傷害的功效；然而在該土壤中分別拌入鏈黴素、五氯硝苯及四氯異苯睛等三種微生物抑制劑時，卻可部分抵銷金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥紓解拉草毒傷豌豆根系的效果。添加金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥於含有0~100ppm拉草的土壤中，能大量促進眞菌、細菌及放射線菌等土壤微生物族群的增殖。將出現頻率高且可忍受高劑量拉草的菌類分離與鑑定後，分別把諸土壤微生物接種與培養於含有拉草的土壤内或培養液中，結果發現Aspergillus sclerotiorum A15, A. niger A27, Penicillium ardesacum P12, P. nigricans P26, Trichoderma viride T12, T. harzianum T23, Aeromonas sp. B14, Cedecea lapagei B29與Bacillus sp. B31等菌株均具有分解拉草的能力,其中以T. harzianum T23, T. viride T12, P. ardesiacum P12及P. nigricans P26等菌株分解拉草的效率較強。在含有拉草的土壤中，分别加入六種不同的處理，結果證明5% (w/w) THC-23微生物堆肥與未滅菌的金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥等兩種添加物，均具有極顯著紓解拉草毒傷豌豆根系的功效；惟單獨施用T. harzianum T23孢子懸浮液時，卻不具有克服拉草毒傷豌豆根系的後遺症。THC-23微生物堆肥是由滅菌過之金針菇太空包廢棄堆肥培養T. harzianum T23，經過7天後，所調製而成的混合物。

關鍵字

豌豆 ； 殺草劑 ； 拉草 ； 生物分解作用 ； 微生物堆肥

並列摘要

Amendment of soil containing 5 ppm alachlor 2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-(methoxy methyl) acetanilide with 5% (w/w) spent golden mushroom compost (SGMC) was able to significantly protect roots of garden pea seedlings (cv Taichung 11) from injury incited by alachlor. Effect of SGMC in alleviating root injury by alachlor was decreased by streptomycin sulfate, pentachloronitrobenzene or chlorothalonil, but not metalaxyl. In alachlor-treated soil amended with the SGMC, the microbial populations were increased to 10^8 ~ 10^9 cfu/g dry soil and remained at higher population levels for more than 28 days. Among many predomi nant microorganisms obtained from amended soil containing higher doses (50-100 ppm) of alachlor, Aspergillus sclerotiorum A15, A niger A27 Penicillium ardesiacum P12, P. nigricans P26, Trichoderma viride T12, T. harzianum T23 Aeromonas sp. B14, Cedecea lapagei B29. and Bacillus sp. B31 were able to degrade alachlor in amended soil, potato dextrose broth, and nutrient broth. T harzianum T23, T. viride T12 P. ardesiacum P12 and P nigri- cans P26 were better than other in ability to degrade alachlor. Amendment of soil with THC 23 microbial compost, sterilized SGMC colonized by T. harzianum T23 for 7 days at 28 C, was as effective in alleviating root injury of garden pea seedlings by alachlor as amendment with SGMC. owever, addition of T. harzianum T23 spore suspension alone to alachlortreated soil was not able to protect the roots from injury by alachlor.

並列關鍵字

garden pea ； herbicide ； alachlor ； biodegradation ； microbial compost