台灣地區柑橘黃龍病與萎縮病毒、破葉病毒田間複合感染之研究

Study of Citrus Huanglongbing and Its Complex Infection with Citrus Tristeza Closterovirus and Citrus Tatter Leaf Capillovirus in Taiwan

蔡佳欣(C. H. Tsai) ； 蘇鴻基(H. J. Su) ； 馮雅智(Y. C. Feng) ； 洪挺軒(T. H. Hung)

《植物病理學會刊》 16卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 121-129

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200709_16(3).0002

摘要

本試驗針對台灣目前各柑橘產區內之萎黃植株中，黃龍病(Huanglongbing=HLB)罹病率及其與柑橘萎縮病(Citrus tristeza closterovirus=CTV)、柑橘破葉病毒(Citrus tatter leaf capillovirus=CTLV)之複合感染情形進行研究。將逢機採集之病葉以聚合酶連鎖反應(PCR)偵測HLB，酵素連結分析反應(ELISA)檢測CTV，反轉錄聚合釅連鎖反應(RT-PCR)偵測CTLV。結果顯示各柑橘品種之萎黃病株平均約3成感染黃龍病，其中屏東縣之檸檬病株感染率最高，有52.8%具黃龍病，當中又有近40%遭CTLV複合感染，而與CTV的複合感染則未發現；產於雲林縣與花蓮縣之柚類病株，則有30~45%感染黃龍病，當中亦約40%遭CTLV複合感染，而遭CTV的複合感染率則因柚類品種而異，文旦柚、白柚、西施柚之黃龍病株中僅3~8%有CTV複合感染，但雜交柚（葡萄柚及明尼桔柚）之黃龍病株則有90%以上遭CTV複合感染；宜蘭縣金柑之萎黃病株，感染黃龍病比率最低，僅有10%，當中CTLV或CTV複合感染的比率皆超過60%。故黃龍病與病毒之複合感染於各地區種植之柑橘品種間有極顯著之差異。由於田間病毒感染複雜，爲瞭解黃龍病所引起之標準病徵，於無病毒紅江橙園區採集各種黃化病材料並將其分爲六種病徵型，經檢測發現以第六型感染黃龍病比率最高，第一及第二型感染率最低。而由黃龍病之潛伏感染研究發現，於無黃化病徵之耐病品種檸檬與文旦中，僅約5~6%偵測到黃龍病原，表示潛伏感染比率不高，黃化病徵與黃龍病感染高度相關。最後本試驗尚發現少數椪柑植株雖呈黃化萎縮，但其葉片樣本經PCR並未測得黃龍病原，於電子顯微鏡下觀察其組識切片，可見韌皮部細胞內有大量似CTV病毒顆粒堆積之內涵體，故其病徵似爲CTV之強烈系統所引起。

關鍵字

黃龍病 ； 病徵型 ； 複合感染 ； 柑橘品種 ； 柑橘萎縮病毒 ； 柑橘破葉病毒

並列摘要

This research is to study the incidence of Huanglongbing (HLB) in decline citrus trees and complex infection of Citrus. tristeza closterovirus (CTV) and Citrus latter leaf capillovirus (CTLV) in HLB-affected trees in all main citrus producing areas of Taiwan. The result indicated that average 30% of citrus crop showing yellow symptoms was infected by HLB over Taiwan. Eureka lemon infected HLB in Pingtung county was the worst, having 52.8% incidence. In HLB-infected lemon trees, there were about 40% co-infected with CTLV, but no co-infection of CTV. Diseased pummelo samples collected in Yunlin and Hualien counties were 30~45% infected by HLB and approximately 40% HLB-infected pummelo were co-infected with CTLV. Hon ever, complex infection of CTV was variability in different pummelo cultivars. In Wentan, Paiyu, and Kao Pan pummelo cultivars only 3~8% co-infected by CTV, but 90% incidence of CTV co-infection were found in hybrid pummelo including grapefruit and Minneola tangelo. Yellowing kumquat collected in Yilan county had the least incidence of 10% of HLB infection, but complex infection of CTV or CTLV a was still over high incidence of 60%. Therefore, HLB infection and complex infection of s ms disease were significantly different among citrus cultivars. Due to virus co-infection in the field was complicated, in order to distinguish typical HLB symptoms, 6 types of yellowing sample was complicted from virus-free sweet orange field. After HLB inspecting, the incidence of HLB was type 6. In latent infection study, only 5~6% symptomless pummelo and lemon were infected by HLB. It also means HLB was correlated closely with yellow symptoms and latent infection a as less. Finally, little HLB-like but negative to HLB-PCR samples observed in electron microscopy and a large number CTV-like Particles were accumulated in phloem cell which seemed to be the reason of their decline.

並列關鍵字

Huanglongbing ； symptom type ； complex infection ； citrus cultivar ； Citrus tristeza closterovirus ； Citrus tatter leaf capillovirus