民航醫學實務

Medical Practice of Civil Aviation

何邦立(Bang-Lee Ho)

《中華民國航空醫學會刊》 10卷2期 (1996/12) Pp. 39-56

https://doi.org/10.7011/TAMAROC.199612.0039

摘要

本文就航空器的發展，民航空運卅五年來重大事故的分析、與未來趨勢破題，以瞭解人爲因素對飛行行爲的影響，及在飛行事故中所佔之份量。座艙中正副駕駛所扮演之角色及如何搭配，指引出民航駕駛心理甄選的重要性，及未來座艙資源管理的走向，也發展出今日航空心理學的領域！
有關航空生理方面，文中就幾次重大的民航事故經驗談起，飛行中爆炸減壓、高空缺氧、發生時如何正確的認定與因應處理。此外飛行中常見的視錯覺問題，空間迷向的陷阱與如何規避。人爲自加壓力諸如菸、酒、藥物、飲食、睡眠、疲勞等的重要性，更強調飛行人員反應不當、操作錯誤，所涉及的5 P因素，則是失事預防工作之重點。
從各國民航駕駛員協會的資料，瞭解飛行人員的壽命較短，耗損較高。飛行員疾病的形態、與年齡的關係，冠心病仍是停飛的主因，且有年輕化的趨勢，再再是一警訊。此外停飛之醫學研究說明，依據客觀的證據及疾病的預後，做爲適飛性的判定，以兼顧人力資源與飛行安全。全文以航空體檢的認知與檢討爲結語。

關鍵字

民航醫學 ； 人爲因素 ； 航空生理 ； 飛行保健

並列摘要

This essay is about worldwide commercial jet fleet hull loss accidents analysis for 35 years with that of the future trend, understanding effects in aviation caused by human factor and their high percentage involvement in flight accident. The role that pilot and co-pilot play in the cock-pit and how they coordinate with each other, the importance of directing the selections of civil pilot’s psychological aptitude, and the future direction of the cabin resource management, also develop the aviation psychology field for today's world.
Concerning the aviation physiological aspects, discussions will be made from the experiences of few major incidents or mishaps, eg explosive decompression in altitude, at the time of occurrence how captain ascertain and manage in these circumstances. Furthermore the common errors cause due to visual illusion, evasion and trap when spatial disorientation occurred. Self impose stress for instance smoking, drinking, fasting, sleep deprivation, fatigue, self-medication, drug abuse..etc. which are of great significance, stressing more on the poor judgement and behavior of the crew and human error involving 5p factor that serve as important point in the work of accident prevention.
According to the data of the Airline Pilot Associaton from different countries, it is understood that the life span of pilot group is comparatively shorter than general population. The medical disability in relation to age, especially age over 45, the main reason for grounding is heart disease, and are of the younger trend, It is once again a warning. Furthermore in the description of medical grounding according to objective evidences and disease prognosis in making decision for flying disposition, taking care of human resources as well as flight safety, it can be concluded that the entire essay is about understanding aviation medical examination and self assessment.

並列關鍵字

civil aviation medicine ； human factor ； aviation physiology ； flight health maintenance program