指揮體系之建立

Establishing a Command System

譚開元 ； 楊志良 ； 王先震 ； 楊大羽 ； 王立敏 ； 馬惠明 ； 黃美娜 ； 陳獻桐 ； 陳弘毅 ； 劉華章 ； 吳昇源 ； 楊德煇 ； 黃佳經 ； 陳亮全 ； 張苙雲

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 19卷3S期 (2000/06) Pp. 1-5

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH2000-19-3S-01

摘要

現有災難應變之法令規章尚有不週，亦未明確規劃跨行政區時之指揮權責，將來應更細緻的調整緊急醫療網，而建立災難應變標準作業模式及程序，亦屬刻不容緩之事。災難應變指揮系統應含括現場救護指揮系統、地區救護指揮系統、中央救護指揮系統以及其他救災系統等部分。救護指揮體系應明確律定編組成員及職掌，現場指揮更應劃分搶救、運輸、醫療及後勤四大分工：搶救應變指揮系統含括災害搶救、災害管制、瓦斯、電力、供水等部門。運輸應變指揮系統含括空中警察隊、國軍救難單位、交通警察隊、民間航空公司等部門。醫療應變指揮系統含括衛生局、責任醫院及其他醫事機構，執行緊急醫療事項：包括急救物資供應、傷情登錄、急救站之設立、醫護人員之調配與緊急用血之調派等。後勤應變指揮系統含括通訊、資訊、新聞、災民收容、遺體處理、污染防制等部門。建立地區災難應變指揮體系，首重有計畫對地方政府首長及代理人與地方意見領袖安排深度防救災業務簡報，使其熟悉救災救護標準作業流程、應變專責人員與支援人力、固定指揮地點、替代通訊系統及民生物質之管理與分配。依據美國聯邦緊急事務管理總署經驗，似應籌設專責機構，平時負責緊急應變準備工作，災害發生時相關部會人員立即進駐，迅速蒐集與分析災情，密切協調地區救護指揮系統或救災現場，有效發揮指揮功能。

關鍵字

緊急醫療網 ； 災難應變指揮系統 ； 防災會報 ； 防災業務計畫 ； 美國聯邦緊急事務管理總署

並列摘要

The existing laws and regulations governing the management of disasters are not comprehensive; they do not specify command responsibilities across the administrative districts. More should be done in the future to further adjust the emergency care network. The establishment of standard operational models and procedures for the management of disasters is most urgent. The command system for the management of disasters should include field rescuer command system, district rescue command sytem, the national rescue command system, and other disaster rescuer systems. In the disaster rescure command system, the manpower organization and functions should be clearly specified by law. Field command should include four areas, namely, rescue, transportation, medical care, and logistics. Rescue management command system should include disaster rescue, control of disasters, gas, electricity, water supply, ect. Transportation management command system should include air police squads, military rescue groups, traffic police squads, and civil aviation companies. Medical care management command system should include health bureaus, responsibility hospitals, and other medical care institutions to conduce matters concerning emergency care, including emergency care supplies, registration of casualties, establishment of emergency care stations, allocation and deployment of medical personnel, and allocation and supply of blood for emergency use. Logistics management command system should include communications, information, news release, sheltering of victims, management of human corpses, and contamination control. The most important step in the establishment of district disaster management command system is to organize in-depth briefings on disaster management for local government heads, their representatives, and local opinion leaders to familiarize them with the flow of the standard operational procedures of disaster rescue, persons in charge and the supporting manpower, fixed commanding sites, alternative communications system, and the management and allocation of domestic supplies. By the experience of the US Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA),a permanent organization fully in charge should be established. The organization will be, at ordinary times, responsible or making preparations for disaster management; and at times of disasters, for mobilizing ministries and departments concerned to promptly collect and analyze disaster information, closely coordinate district disaster rescue command systems or conduct on-spot disaster rescue to fully execute the commanding functions.

並列關鍵字

emergency care network ； establishment of command system for the management of disasters ； briefings on disaster management ； Plans on disaster prevention ； US Federal Emergency Management Agency