Diurnal Changes in Temperature, and Air Pollutants; and Exacerbation of Asthmatic Symptoms in Children

日溫差、空污、與兒童氣喘的急性發作之關係

郭耀昌(Yau-Chang Kuo) ； 張朝煜(Chao-Yu Chang) ； 陳志中(Chih-Chung Chen) ； 羅玉幸(Yu-Shing Lo)

《中華民國急救加護醫學會雜誌》 15卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 59-63

https://doi.org/10.30018/JECCM.200406.0002

摘要

兒童氣喘盛行率逐年上升。氣候及空污是影響氣喘的重要因素。
我們設計橫斷性研究，探討2001年，高雄榮總兒童氣喘急診就醫與環境之間的關係。共166人被納入，氣候及空污資料分別來自中央氣象局與環保署的測站資料。求診日的日溫差資料與非求診日的日溫差資料被視為兩個不同的暴露組，以Mann-Whitney U-test統計方法進行對比。
就診前一週的日溫差明顯的高於非就診前一週的日溫差，其平均值分別為7.04℃和6.68℃，P值為0.039。「就醫前兩天」與「非就醫前兩天」的空污指標中，也出現了明顯差異性。初步結果，氣喘發病前一週的日溫差和前兩天的空污，影響氣喘病童的發作。

關鍵字

空污 ； 氣喘 ； 日溫差 ； 空污指標

並列摘要

The prevalence of asthma in children has increased. Meteorological factors and air pollutants have been proved to affect the expression of asthma. We conducted a cross-sectional survey exploring the relationship between emergency room (ER) visits for exacerbation of asthma and environmental factors in 2001. A total of 166 children were included. Data on air pollutants and temperature were obtained from Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and Central Weather Bureau stations respectively. A total of 335 days were divided into two groups of days-days with ER visits because of asthma and days without ER visits. Diurnal change in temperature was the meteorological factor considered. The changes in the different groups were compared by the mean of the Mann-Whitney U-test. The pollutant standards index (PSI) was also grouped and managed by the same principle. The mean value of diurnal changes of temperature on days one week before ER visits was 7.04℃, and that on the other days was 6.68℃ (P=0.039). There was also a significant difference between the PSIs in the group two days before ER visits and the PSIs on the other days. The mean value of PSIs in the group one day before ER visits was 74.14, and 66.97 (P=0.033) on other days. Conclusively, diurnal changes in temperature seem to affect the exacerbation of asthmatic symptoms seven days later. Air pollution affects symptoms two days later.

並列關鍵字

air pollution ； asthma ； diurnal change of temperature ； pollutant standards index (PSI)