清法戰爭與海防建設－北京國圖典藏清末臺灣地圖的考察

The Sino-French War and the Building of a Coastal Defense: A Study of Taiwan Maps during the End of Qing Dynasty from the Collections of the National Library of China

許毓良(Yu-Liang Hsu)

《淡江史學》 27期 (2015/09) Pp. 69-101

摘要

清末臺灣最後十年歷史，若從要塞佈防角度切入探討，成果的累積並不多。本文所使用的史料為北京國家圖書館典藏的三張地圖─1892年《淡水廳輿圖》、1894年《擬佈澎湖水陸各要隘水旱雷圖》、1894年《鳳山縣地圖》，很難得為我們提供軍事方面訊息。事實上這三張地圖，作者已經分別單張解讀投稿至其他的學術期刊。然而使用它們，整體討論臺灣建省後的要塞佈防還是首次。臺灣學界以往常爭論「現代化」的起點是清末臺灣建省，還是日本統治時期。當然觀點各異，結論亦不相同。不過從軍工建設來看，建省後最早「軍事現代化」的嘗試，卻是一個重要議題。而這整段歷史的源頭，即是從清法戰爭開始。

關鍵字

清法戰爭 ； 海防 ； 地圖 ； 砲臺 ； 大砲

並列摘要

During the last ten years of Qing Dynasty, a discussion of contemporary Taiwan history regarding fort defenses yields only modest results. The useful materials for this article are three maps from the collection of the National Library of China, specifically the map of Dan Shui County in 1892, the Peng Hu islands map of naval mines and landmines at strategic places in 1894, and a map of Feng Shan County in 1894. These materials provide military information. In fact, the writer studied the three maps and has contributed to other academic journals. This is the first article to summarize the three maps and research the disposition of fort history after the establishment of Taiwan province. In the past, Taiwan academics often disputed over the start of modernization. Did modernization begin with the establishment of Taiwan province during Qing Dynasty or in the Japanese colonial term? Of course, we can research by different concepts and conclude different results. Engineering, however, is the most important issue to explain the military modernization of the Qing government. The Sino-French War is the beginning of history.

並列關鍵字

Sino-French War ； Coastal Defense ； Map ； Battery ； Cannon