職場社會心理特質與自覺健康狀態之相關

Associations of Psychosocial Work Conditions and Self-Rated Health Status

黃守正(Shou-Cheng Huang) ； 郭育良(Yue-Liang Guo) ； 柯德鑫(Dershin Ke) ； 鄭雅文(Yawen Cheng)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 10卷4期 (2003/10) Pp. 235-244

摘要

目標：職場社會心理面向之工作特質對工作者身心健康有極大的影響。
方法：奠基於科若塞克(Karasek)的工作壓力理論模型，我們於2000年六月至九月期間以台灣南部四家製造業工廠504名男性與575名女性員工為研究對象，以問卷調查方式探討工作控制、工作負荷、與職場社會支持、及工作缺乏保障對員工自覺身心健康之影響。身心健康以Short-Form 36中五個分量表測量，分別為生理功能、身體疼痛、整體健康、活力、及心理健康。
結果：常常或總是覺得工作壓力很大的員工比率在男性佔17%，在女性佔22%，自覺工作缺乏保障的比率在男女性員工各佔44%與41%。分析結果顯示，自覺工作壓力高的員工，其工作特質為：工作負荷量大、工時較長、職場中社會支持較差、工作缺乏保障。多變項回歸分析顯示，低度工作控制、高工作負荷、低度社會支持、工作缺乏保障等因子，與身心健康不佳有顯著相關。
結論：提供有利員工身心健康的職場環境為職業衛生重要工作項目，其中社會心理面向因子不容忽視。本研究結果指出，提高員工工作控制、適量的工作負荷、提升職場內部社會支持、提供具有保障性的職業條件，或可增進員工健康福祉。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 工作負荷 ； 工作控制 ； 社會支持 ； 職業健康

並列摘要

Objective: Poor psychosocial work characteristics can adversely affect health of working people.
Methods: Building upon Karasek’s job strain model, we examined the effects of job control, job demands, work-related social support, and job insecurity on self-rated health status in Taiwanese manufacturing workers. The study was conducted during the period between June and September, 2000. Participants were 503 men and 575 women. Information was obtained by questionnaire on work characteristics, perceived job stress, and 5 dimensions of health status as assessed by Short-Form 36 – physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, and mental health.
Results: 17% and 22% of men and women, respectively often experienced high stress at work; 44% and 41% of men and women, respectively, considered their jobs insecure. Level of job stress was correlated with higher demands, longer work-hours, poor social support, and sense of employment insecurity, and all these work characteristics along with lower job control were associated with poor health status.
Conclusion: Improving psychosocial work conditions – more specifically by increasing job control, limiting work overload, strengthening social support, and providing a more secure employment – might significantly improve workers’ well-being.

並列關鍵字

Job stress ； job demands ； job control ； social support ； occupational health