Myxomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumors that most frequently occur within the myocardium. Myxoma with mediastinal localization is extremely rare, and few cases have been described in the medical literature. Here, we present a 54-year-old man with a mediastinal mass found incidentally by chest radiography. He complained only of vague chest pain at the right-side chest wall. Computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a wellencapsulated, homogenous and non-enhanced lesion at the posterior mediastinum, with a content density higher than water and normal fat. He received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for tumor excision, and pathology revealed spindle cells set in a loosely fibrillar stroma, compatible with the histological diagnosis of myxoma. During follow-up for 2 years after the surgical resection, there was no recurrence. Our case reminds us that myxoma may be a rare cause of mediastinal tumors, and complete resection of the tumor is recommended in order to avoid recurrence.
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