技擊運動上半身攻擊動作之反應及力量探討

The Reaction and Strength of Combative Movements

相子元(T. Y. Shiang) ； 陳俊忠(C. C. Chen)

《體育學報》 20期 (1995/12) Pp. 269-280

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0020.199512.4024

摘要

近年來技擊運動已漸爲國際體壇所重視，跆拳道、空手道、或是武術已相繼列爲奧、亞運之正式或表演項目；因此也吸引了更多運動科學專家的研究，技擊運動主要特徵爲徒手搏擊，以人體之手、肘、脚爲武器，其原理爲在極短距離及時間內，運用局部肌群，快速移動手或脚作攻擊動作，産生極大之衝擊力；和西方拳擊運用手部大角度的揮動以產生強大之衝撞力不同。本研究以生物力學之原理應用於技擊運動，以我國參加1994年亞運空手道國家代表隊（9男、4女）爲對象，利用聲光反應器、肌電儀及撞擊測試器，針對上半身主要攻擊動作、分析其速度和力量，分析結果顯示：在時間方面，反應時間與動作無顯著相關，本研究所測得之反應時間爲317msec（男）及281msec（女），較一般人慢，其差異可能在於攻擊前之準備動作及判斷目標位置所須時間。而在動作時間和全部時間方面，則全體男女選手均是前進攻擊的動作大于原地攻擊的動作。男選手在反應及動作時間皆較女選手慢，但由於攻擊距離較大，故所得拳速及攻速皆較快且力量較大。在攻擊力量方面，全體男女選手均是前進攻擊動作（追擊和前進逆擊）的攻擊力量大於原地攻擊動作（逆擊和撞擊）。本研究所使用之方法，亦可應用於其他類似項目之分析，也可做爲以後選擇有潜力選手之評估，爲一具發展性且多用途的分析模式。

關鍵字

生物力學 ； 技擊運動 ； 空手道 ； 碰撞

並列摘要

Nowadays, the combative sports get more attention in the international sport society. The Karate, Taekwondo and Martial Art become official or demonstrative competitions in Olympic Game and Asian Game. Therefore, more sports scientists are involved in this field. The characteristics of combative sports are combating without any equipment, using human hand, elbow, knee and foot as weapons. The theory is to move the hand or foot quickly to generate high power impact. This is different from the western boxing which using the swing of the arm to generate large impact force. This study applied biomechanics theory to Karate--the combative sport which based on the upper extremity attacks. The subjects are the ROC national Karate team for the 1994 Asian Game(9males、4 females). The speed and strength of Karate major attacking techniques were analyzed. According to the results, The reaction time of male and female subjects are 317and 281 msec, respectively. This attacking reactin is slower than normal reaction probably because of the adding of preparing and judging time. The movement time and total time of forward attacking is longer compared to the stand attacking for all subjects. The attacking speed and strength of male subjects are singificantly larger than those of female subjects. Lastly, the strength of forward attacking is larger compared to the stand attacking for all subjects. The methodology used in this study can be applied to other sports, and used for choosing the young high-potential athletes. It's a multi-function and applicable analysis tool.

並列關鍵字

Biomechanics ； Combative ； Karate ； Impact