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利用“景觀照片”的口語描述法分析幼兒識覺環境的形成以日本福岡縣都市區域A保育園為例

The Formation of Preschoolers' Perception of the Environment Using the Verbal Description Method with Scenic Photographs the Case of Nursery School Children Aged Three through Six in the Urban Area of Fukuoka Prefecture

摘要


幼兒(學齡前)之空間活動影響其識覺環境的形成。本論文考量與幼兒空間活動息息相關的家長本身的空間活動和其教育態度帶給幼兒的各方面影響,及幼兒居住地理環境之特性,藉由掌握幼兒空間活動來探討幼兒識覺環境的形成。筆者為了探討幼兒識覺環境形成是否與所居住地理環境差異有關,本論文因而選定日本都市區域福岡縣那珂川町之A保育園三至六歲幼兒為研究對象。研究方法是利用筆者實際拍攝的四條通學路線及四條幹線道路之景觀照片,以圖片配合「口語描述法」,與幼兒進行面談。面談結束後,作者對91名A保育園幼兒的回答內容進行分析。 結果顯示A保育園幼兒對通學路線上之31項事物或場所感興趣(「幼兒感興趣之要素」)。作者並分析各項「幼兒感興趣之要素」在幼兒識覺環境中所扮演的功能,將31項「幼兒感興趣之要素」分類為「購物功能」、「遊戲功能」、「交通運輸工具功能」、「道路路標功能」、「視覺功能」、「生物功能」等「六類功能要素」,並分析出「六類功能要素」的形成原因及幼兒利用各項要素來認識周遭環境之統整識覺方法。筆者並根據以上之研究成果,推測假設出幼兒利用「六類功能要素」來發展其識覺環境過程之模式。且研究結果發現,A保育園幼兒頭腦中的「識覺地圖」已從「點式識覺地圖」發展至「線式識覺地圖」。

並列摘要


The formation of preschoolers' perception of the environment is affected by their spatial behavior. The present study suggests preschoolers' spatial behavior is affected by their parental persons' spatial behaviors or attitudes toward bringing up children and the features of the geographical environment in which preschoolers are living. Therefore, the study aims at clarifying the formation of preschoolers' perception of the environment. The author carried out an interview using the verbal description method, and came into direct contact with nursery school children (aged 3-6 years) living in Nakagawa, an urban area in Fukuoka Prefecture, to study the features of these preschoolers' geographical environment. First, the author showed subjects scenic photographs taken from the four main routes and the four main roads which the subjects might pass through on their way to nursery school ”A” every day. Next, the subjects' answers were collected and analyzed. The result shows that preschoolers' perception of the environment can be categorized into ”Six Elements”: 1. shopping, 2. game, 3. vehicle, 4. route, 5. sight, 6. creature. Also, a model was consequently developed based on the findings. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the preschoolers at nursery school ”A” have developed and constructed their mental map in a form of route from dots.

參考文獻


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