纜車觀光衝擊之研究台北市文山區貓空地區居民識覺之個案

Tourism Impacts of Gondola Lift a Case Study of Residents' Perception in Maokong Area, Wenshan District, Taipei City

林貝珊(Pei-Shan Sonia Lin) ； 張長義(Chang-Yi David Chang)

《中國地理學會會刊》 43期 (2009/12) Pp. 33-48

https://doi.org/10.29972/BGSC.200912.0003

摘要

全球經濟快速發展與多數國家國民所得大幅上升，人們對生活品質的要求也隨之提高，促使全球各地觀光產業的蓬勃發展，但發展的同時卻也為地方帶來環境、經濟、社會文化影響，造成地景變遷。本研究以台灣第一座都會型纜車系統－台北市文山區貓空纜車的觀光發展對地方帶來之衝擊為議題，探討地方居民的觀光衝擊識覺，經相關理論文獻回顧後，研究方法以質性之深度訪談法及田野資料蒐集為主，訪談內容唯瞭解居民在實質環境、經濟產業、社會文化等方面的衝擊識覺。分析田野資料後發現居民對貓空纜車之觀光衝擊識覺，在實質環境方面有交通規則與型態改變、觀光人潮湧現、垃圾量增加、水汙染與汙水處理四方面；經濟衝擊識覺包括觀光收入差異、財團進入、地租上漲與經營外放、土地利用改變；社會文化衝擊識覺則有攤販與銷售型態轉變、品茗文化式微、人際關係變化、地方作息規律改變。本研究發現居民在上述觀光衝擊皆呈現負面識覺，僅少部分在貓空纜車站週圍有經營商店或事業的居民，在實質環境衝擊識覺中的「觀光人潮湧現」、經濟衝擊識覺中的「觀光收入差異」、社會文化衝擊識覺中的「地方作息規律改變」是呈現與大部分居民不同的正面識覺；研究結果也顯示地方傳統產業及發展歷程會影響觀光發展型態與居民對觀光發展的識覺，而居民對地方傳統特色的認同是遠大於觀光發展的；此外，本研究亦發現居民是否參與地方公共事務及是否與公部門進行有效溝通，會進一步影響居民的觀光衝擊識覺。最後，因纜車觀光利益分配不均而逐漸分化地方氛圍，是貓空亟需重視的問題。綜言之，為達成地方觀光產業永續發展與環境資源有效利用與管理，本研究建議公部門在貓空纜車重新營運前，以及在其他地區纜車系統規劃前，能納入地方居民識覺考量相關研究做為政策規劃依據，以實踐民眾參與地方相關決策之機制，達成永續觀光發展中生產、生活、生態的多贏局面。

關鍵字

貓空纜車 ； 觀光衝擊 ； 居民識覺 ； 文山區

並列摘要

Since the rapid growth of the global economy has raised the quality of life, tourism is welldeveloped in the world, including in Taiwan. Tourism not only stimulates local industry but also impacts the local environment and residents' daily lives. This paper attempts to examine residents' perceptions of the tourism impact of the Gondola Lift in the Maokong area as a key example of tourism's impact. The study focuses on analysis of qualitative data collected from field observation and face to face interviews. The key findings of this study are as follows: First, residents' perceptions of tourism's impact include, change of traffic rules, increase of tourists, increased trash amounts, water pollution and sewage treatment problems, uneven change of income, the investment of business enterprises, rise in ground rent, change of land use, different sale types, traditional tea culture diminishing, change of human relationships and networks, change of local work and rest schedules. Second, residents' tourism impact perceptions tend to be negative, except those who run shops near the gondola station who have positive impact perceptions on the increased number of tourist, increase of income and the change of local work and rest schedules. Third, traditional local industry does affect the form of tourism development and residents' tourism impact perceptions. Fourth, the communication effects between government and residents will strongly influence residents' impact perception. Finally, benefits brought by tourism are unevenly distributed, thus polarizing the community. It is proposed that for sustainable tourism development and effective environmental management, future development planning should assess residents' perception and participation in advance.

並列關鍵字

Maokong Gondola ； tourism impacts ； residents' perception ； Wenshan district

參考文獻

陳坤宏(2005)。社區居民對都市觀光衝擊之態度反應－台南市安平區之個案研究。建築與規劃學報。6(2)，109-127。

Barrows, H. H.(1923).Geography as human ecology.Annals of the Association of American Geographers.13(1),1-14.

Brougham, J. E.,Butler, R. W.(1981).A segmentation analysis of resident attitudes to the social impact of tourism.Annals of Tourism Research.8(4),569-590.

Butler, R. W.(1980).The concept of a tourism areas cycle of evaluation: Implication for management of resources.Canadian Geographer.24(1),5-12.

Chang, C. Y.(2006).Sustainable Technology and Policy Conference.Taipei: