牛樟之炭疽病和褐根腐病

Anthracnose and Brown Root Rot of Cinnamomum kenehirae

張東柱(Tun-Tschu Chang) ； 陳麗鈴(Lih-Ling Chern) ； 邱文慧(Wen-Hui Chiu)

《台灣林業科學》 12卷3期 (1997/09) Pp. 373-378

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.199709.0373

摘要

牛樟炭疽病普遍發生於牛樟扡插苗，種子苗和栽植於林地之較大植株。炭疽病發生於葉片時，造成褐色圓斑或不規則斑，嚴重時全葉枯萎脫落；發生於枝條和主莖時，導致黑褐色壞疽，嚴重時枝枯或地上部估死。其病原菌經分離與鑑定證實為Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) Sacc。將上述病原菌接種到地上部，可產生與自然界發生病害相同的病徵，且相同的病原菌也可以自接種發病的組織分離。牛樟褐根腐病於1996年首次在台南造林地發現。受害植株葉片萎凋、變色、根部及莖部褐根腐，繼而全株死亡。從罹病的組織均可分離到Phellinus noxius (Corner) Cunningham，此真菌可在鋸木屑太空包上形成完整的子實體，但在寄主未發現完整的子實體。將培養在牛樟枝條上的P. noxius接種於牛樟2-3生苗的根部，可以引起接種植株死亡，且在人工接種罹病組織上可再分離得P. noxius。牛樟之炭疽病與褐根腐病為首次記錄。

關鍵字

牛樟 ； 炭疽病 ； 褐根腐病 ； Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ； Phellinus noxius

並列摘要

Occurrence of anthracnose on Cinnamomum kanehirae was usually observed on cuttings and seedlings in nurseries, and on growing plants in plantations. When occurring on leaves, it produced circular or irregular brown spots and caused defoliation. When occurring on twigs and stems, it caused local anthracnose, die-back of twigs, and death of foliage. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. was isolated from the diseased tissues. The disease was reproduced by inoculation of C. Kanehirae seedlings with conidia of Co. gloeosporioides. The fungus was reisolated from diseased tissues. In 1996, foliage wilting, leaf discoloration, brown mycelial mat growing on roots and basal stems, and death of trees were found on a C. kanehirae plantation in Tainan. The fungus isolated from the diseased tissues produced resupinate, brownish poroid fruiting bodies on sawdust medium, and was identified as Phellinus noxius. The disease was reproduced by inoculation of the seedlings with P. noxius grown on camphor twig medium. Inoculated seedlings were infected, and the fungus was reisolated from diseased tissues. This is the 1st report of Co. gloeosporioides and P. noxius on the host C. kanehirae.

並列關鍵字

Cinnamomum kanehirae ； anthracnose ； brown root rot ； Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ； Phellinus noxius