張夢機詞日常書寫的自傳色彩與苦難消解

張夢機（1941.9.13-2010.8.12），已故臺灣古典詩詞作家，五十歲中風臥病後，便開始了隱居於「藥樓」的生活，為了擺脫難以調和的人生遽變與存在之悲，透過創作寄懷，在悲劇生命的體驗與反思中，以此進行對困境的消解。晚年詞的創作風格漸趨沈鬱，而多滄桑自憐之感、委順命運幻化之思。文學作品，雖不能說它就是作者實際生平事跡的自敘傳記，但可以肯定的是：它必然是作家主觀精神的外化。夢機先生的詞作呼應了自我人生經歷的轉折，他在創作中品嘗了寂寞之苦，也思考了人生無常之悲。其《鯤天外集》收羅七十六闋詞，按年編次，形成了日常生活「寫我之境」的自傳書寫，從中可見其生命歷程與心情轉變──從抒情寄意至藥樓疲病的生命書寫，主題吟詠呼應作者的晚年生活與心境，對夢機先生詞作的考察必然可見其人生道路已為身處逆境的人們確立了一種新的生存方式──創作成了作者穿越人生缺憾的補償，是在苦難中能讓自己定心、靜心的理想寄託。透過其詞的分析，對於理解其心靈的變化，必然具有重要的認識價值。全文除了前言與結論，共分七個面相來論述。從夢機先生詞創作的背景、空間建構與處境、觀四時風物以舒慰解脫、憶往念昔與人生如夢的慣常思維、友朋邀聚遣悶支撐的情感、「有我之境」的身世寫照、獨特風貌等七方面來分析其詞作的日常書寫，並從中發現其富有個人主體意識的自傳色彩。

關鍵字

張夢機；日常生活；自傳書寫；以病入詞

並列摘要

Meng-Ji Chang, the late Taiwanese classical poetry writer, after the 50-year-old stroke confined to bed, began hiding in the medication life. In order to escape from the changing and unharmonious life and sadness of existence, he focused on creation and retrospect tragic experience to dissolve the life difficulty. The writing style in his later years became depressed, and more self-pity bitterness. Literature, although cannot be seen as the author's biography, but certainly it is the externalization of author's spirit. Mr. Chang's Poetry reflected his life transformation; he encountered the loneliness of writing and the sadness of changing life. His work of ＂Kun-Tian-Wai-Cit＂ collected seventy-six Tsu, and the uniqueness is that they were placed chronically, and thus become an autobiographical writing style of the self daily life condition. From which one can see the transformation of his life and emotion, i.e., from lyric to medication, corresponding to the author's late condition and mood. Exploring his works can discover a new way of life for the people of adversity, i.e., creation can compensate life and tranquilize spirit of suffering. This study investigates his daily writing to reveal Chang's personal thematic works of biography.