科學博物館與中小學校互動關係－台美兩個案之研究

The Partnership of Science Museums and Schools-Two Cases Studies

于瑞珍(Jui-Chen Yu)

《科學教育學刊》 13卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 121-140

https://doi.org/10.6173/CJSE.2005.1302.01

摘要

中小學校師生向來都是科學博物館的主要觀眾群，世界各國的科學博物館，也一直不斷地嘗試開拓此一重要的市場，發展出許多豐富的館校互動關係。本研究以個案研究為方法，探討美國的明尼蘇達科學博物館與臺灣的國立自然科學博物館，二機構在各自的情境脈絡下，與學校之互動關係。透過文件分析彙整二個案與學校之互動模式，並與文獻探討中所歸納出來的六種互動模式相互印證，發現專業成長、到館參觀與到校服務等三種，是科學博物館最常運用的互動模式。其次，藉由深度訪談瞭解博物館與學校雙方教育人員，彼此互動與合作之經驗，以及對相關議題的看法。每位受訪者都曾有過豐富的合作經驗，從這些合作經驗中，可以歸納出四種不同的運作模式，分別是博物館學校模式、合作開發教材模式、協助者模式與資源利用模式。而每一種模式背後均有其個人的理念或立場，也都難免會遇到一些困難或障礙。其中，互動最頻繁、關係最密切的要算是博物館學校的模式，研究者歸納出三點之所以成功的要素，包含：派駐專職館員經營館校關係、建立正式溝通管道，以及博物館過程與課程標準的結合，值得吾人參考、借鏡。

關鍵字

中小學校 ； 科學博物館 ； 個案研究 ； 深度訪談 ； 夥伴關係

並列摘要

School teachers and students are target audiences of science museums all the time. Science museums around the world are always trying to expand their relationships with nearby schools. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between science museums and schools using the case study approach. Two science museums were selected as study cases: Science Museum of Minnesota in US and National Museum of Natural Science in Taiwan. A review of the literature showed there were six models used by science museums to improve partnerships between science museums and schools. In these models, professional development, field trips, and outreach programs were most frequently used. Besides the review of the literature, both museum educators and school teachers from two sampled institutes were interviewed. The model of museum school was considered the most successful collaborative relationship between the two institutes. The reasons contributing toward this successful partnership were found to be as follows: assigning staff to promote collaboration, establishing formal communication platforms for museum educators and teachers, and integrating museum processes into school curriculums.

並列關鍵字

School ； Science Museum ； Case Study ； In-depth Interview ； Partnership

參考文獻

Ambrose, T.,Paine, C.(1993).Museum basics.London:Routledge.

Berry, N.(1998).A focus on art museum/school collaborations.Art Education.51(2),8-14.

Cox-Petersen, A. M.,Marsh, D. D.,Kisiel, J.,Melber, L. M.(2003).Investigation of guided school tours, student learning, and science reform recommendations at a museum of natural history.Journal of Research in Science Teaching.40(2),200-218.

Dhingra, K.,Miele, E.,MacDonald, M.,Powell, W.(2001).Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.Seattle, WA:

Falk, J. H.,Dierking, L. D.(1997).School field trips: Assessing their long-term impact.Curator.40(3),211-218.