性別化的青少年友誼網絡與性別角色態度：單一性別與混合性別的班級脈絡

Gendered Adolescent Friendship Networks and Gender Role Attitudes: Social Contexts of Single-Gender and Mixed-Gender Classes

楊天盾(Tien-Tun Yang) ； 熊瑞梅(Ray-May Hsung)

《調查研究-方法與應用》 40期 (2018/09) Pp. 7-61

摘要

青少年友誼發展的過程，性別一直扮演重要的角色。傳統社會對男女應表現出的行為與態度之不同期待，可能使得男女在個人社會網絡的組成、密度與規模因此產生差異。女生傾向產生非階層性與關係性相互依賴的友誼結構，男生則傾向集體性相互依賴、集體中心性與階層性的友誼結構。本研究從班級脈絡的角度，探討男女所產生性別化的網絡結構，如何在不同性別組成的班級中透過彼此的互動過程展現出來。本研究使用中央研究院「台灣青少年成長歷程研究」的調查資料做為研究對象。結果發現，單一性別的班級脈絡，男生班的網絡結構呈現集體中心性與階層性的特質，女生班則沒有。而混合性別的班級脈絡，由於班級性別隔離的現象明顯，因此，雖在指數隨機圖模型模型（ERGM）中沒有集體中心性與階層性的特質，但男生仍有較明顯的集中性趨勢。最後，結構對性別角色態度的影響，在單一性別的班級脈絡中，越位於集體中心性核心結構位置的個體有較傳統的性別角色態度。

關鍵字

性別化的友誼網絡 ； 班級脈絡 ； 性別角色態度 ； 指數隨機圖模型

並列摘要

While adolescents are growing up, school is the place where they have the most contact with other students, and peer relationships between classmates at school are very important for adolescents. Gender always plays an important role for development of friendship among adolescents. Different behaviors and attitudes exhibited by males and females due to different traditional social expectations can result in different composition of individual social networks. Girls tend to build relationally interdependent friendship structures, and boys tend to build collectively interdependent, in-star and hierarchical friendship structures. This study explores gendered friendship networks to show the process of peer interaction in social contexts of single-gender and mixed-gender classes. At the same time, the network structure how to affect adolescent gender role attitudes. This study uses the data from the Taiwan Youth Project (TYP) of Academia Sinica. The result shows that in single-gender classes, the male network structure exhibits collectively central and hierarchical characteristics, but the female and mixed-gender network structures do not. In mixed-gender classes, the phenomenon of gender segregation is obvious, and males and females still tend to interact with same-gender members. Finally, in single-gender classes, individuals in core structure positions have more traditional gender role attitudes.

並列關鍵字

gendered friendship networks ； social contexts of classes ； gender role attitudes ； Exponential Random Graph Model

參考文獻

Baerveldt, Chris,Van Duijn, M. A. J.,Vermeij, L.,van Hemert, D. A.(2004).Ethnic Boundaries and Personal Choice. Assessing the Influence of Individual Inclinations to Choose Intra-ethnic Relationships on Pupils' Networks.Social Networks.26(1),55-74.

Barsky, N. P.(1999).A Core/Periphery Structure in a Corporate Budgeting Process.Connections.22(2),22-29.

Baumgarte, R.,Nelson, D. W.(2009).Preference for Same- versus Cross-Sex Friendships.Journal of Applied Social Psychology.39(4),901-917.

Bearman, Peter(1997).Generalized Exchange.American Journal of Sociology.102(5),1383-1415.

Beck, R. J.,Fitzgerald, W. J.,Pauksztat, B.(2003).Individual Behaviors and Social Structure in the Development of Communication Networks of Self-Organizing Online Discussion Groups.Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments.(Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments).: