Does Pre-flight Cigarette Smoking Affect the Military Aviator's Attention at a Simulated Altitude of 18,000 Feet Created by a Hypobaric Chamber?

戰鬥機飛行員在飛行前抽煙是否會影響其於低壓艙虛擬18,000呎高空環境下的注意力

鄭宇明(Yu-Ming Cheng,) ； 羅慶徽(Ching-Hui Loh) ； 沙堅白(Chien-Bai Sha) ； 吳怡昌(Yi-Chang Wu) ； 楊蕙年(Hui-Nien Yang) ； 林維安(Wei-An Lin)

《台灣精神醫學》 25卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 268-278

https://doi.org/10.29478/TJP.201112.0006

並列摘要

Objectives: Cigarette smoking affects performance and attention, but its relationship is unclear. Aviators require sustained, focused attention to maintain aviation safety, but they are frequently exposed to high-altitude environments. In this study, we intended to investigate whether pre-flight cigarette smoking would affect the attention of military aviators at a simulated altitude of 18,000 feet created by a hypobaric chamber. Methods: We evaluated 96 (72 smokers and 24 non-smokers) aviators with the visual search and the incompatibility task. All participants took part in two tasks in a hypobaric chamber at ground level. We randomly chose 48 participants in the smoking group to receive a piece of cigarette with a nicotine dose of 1.0 mg; the other participants in the smoking group (n = 24) received a piece of cigarette with a nicotine dose of 0.1 mg (smoker group 2). After we gave the smoking participants a piece of cigarette, the smokers who received the 1.0 mg nicotine dose were equally divided into two groups (smoker groups 1 and 3; n = 24 each). All aviators except those in smoker group 3 (at ground level for the whole procedure) were subjected to altitude of 18,000 feet. Participants undertook the two tasks again. Results: In smokers, cigarette smoking was found to have a positive effect on reaction time in both visual search and incompatibility tasks, regardless of altitude. The trend was not clear about attitude and attention since no difference was found among smoker group 1 and 3. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking facilitates attention during the visual search and incompatibility tasks in smokers at 18,000 feet of altitude.

並列關鍵字

cigarettes ； visual search ； incompatibility ； hypobaric chamber

參考文獻

Tu, S. K.,Huang, C. J.(2006).The effect of nicotine replacement therapy and healthy education on tobacco abstinence in an army camp.Taiwanese Journal of Family Medicine.16,86-99.

Amitai, N.,Markou, A.(2009).Chronic nicotine improves cognitive performance in a test of attention but does not attenuate cognitive disruption induced by repeated phencyclidine administration.Psychopharmacolog.202,275-86.

Bizarro, L.,Patel, S.,Murtagh, C.,Stolerman, I. P.(2004).Differential effects of psychomotor stimulants on attentional performance in rats: nicotine, amphetamine, caffeine and methylphenidate.Behav Pharmacol.15,195-206.

Cable, G. G.(2003).In-flight hypoxia incidents in military aircraft: causes and implications for training.Aviat Space Environ Med.74,169-72.

Domier, C. P.,Monterosso, J. R.,Brody, A. L.(2007).Effects of cigarette smoking and abstinence on Stroop task performance.Psychopharmacology.195,1-9.