Panel Analysis of Low-Income Elderly-Headed Household: Empirical Evidence for Chia-Yi County in Taiwan

低收入老年戶長家戶的動態研究：嘉義縣的實證分析

王仕圖(Shu-Twu Wang) ； 王德睦(Te-Mu Wang)

《社會政策與社會工作學刊》 11卷2期 (2007/12) Pp. 110-147

https://doi.org/10.6785/SPSW.200712.0110

摘要

本研究延伸過去嘉義縣低收入戶的追蹤調查研究，利用1990-2002年所蒐集之嘉義縣低收入戶的動態資料進行研究。研究指出不同的生命階段有不同的貧窮風險，一個人一生的經濟狀況好壞大致呈M字型分配，其中以兒童、初爲人父母與老年時期的貧窮風險最高。有關嘉義縣低收入家戶的追蹤研究可以瞭解，低收入家戶的人口組成中，老年戶長家戶佔貧窮家戶的比例是最高的，據相關的研究也指出我國低收入家戶戶長以老年戶長的比例最高，所以低收入戶的平均年齡較高。國內的研究也發現，年齡變項對脫離貧窮的作用，可能是低收入家戶戶長的年齡偏高，導致低收入家戶因死亡而脫離貧窮。本追蹤資料的分析結果，從低收入老年戶長及家戶的特質發現，老年戶長以低教育、喪偶及單身與身體罹患疾病者居多。而在家戶特質中，具有低所得、單身家戶、家戶人口數與具工作能力人口數量少等特質。而根據生命表的分析結果，老年低收入家戶雖有四分之一家戶在兩年內脫離貧窮，但大多數家戶在長期持續一段貧窮時間後才脫離，且其脫離之因可能是因爲死亡因素。

關鍵字

貧窮 ； 老人 ； 低收入戶 ； 追蹤資料 ； 生命表

並列摘要

This study is an expansion of a panel investigation on Chia-yi County's low-income households and used panel data of low income households gathered in Chia-yi County to carry out the research. This study points out that different stages in life have different risks of poverty. The quality of a person's economic condition in life exhibits a M distribution pattern with the risk of poverty highest among children, new parents and the elderly. It can be understood from the panel study on Chia-yi County's low-income household that elderly-headed households account for the highest percentage among low-income households. The studies also pointed out that among the Country's low-income household heads, a big proportion of this is the elderly household heads hence the average age of low-income households is higher. Based on domestic studies, the function of the age variable in breaking free from poverty may be because the age of low-income household heads is inclined to be high, resulting in the low-income households breaking free from poverty because of death. Result from the analysis of this study's panel data which was based on the characteristics of low-income elderly household heads and households, a large number of elderly household heads have low educational attainment, are either widowed or unmarried, and are sick. While in terms of household characteristics, the households have low income, are single person households and have only a few family members and low working capability. In addition, based on the analysis of the life table, while a quarter of elderly low-income households end their poverty spell will in two years, most households need to go through a prolonged period of poverty before they end their poverty spell and oftentimes the factor that ends their poverty spell is death.

並列關鍵字

poverty ； elderly ； low-income households ； panel data ； life table

參考文獻

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