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媒合婚姻,媒合適應?!在臺跨國(境)婚姻媒合協會之服務內涵探究

Matchmaking Marriage, Mediating Adaption!? Exploring the Matchmaking Services of Non-Profit Transnational Marriage Agents in Taiwan

摘要


臺灣在1990年代後期成為接待大量女性婚姻移民的客居地,這些女性多數來自大陸與東南亞國家,且主要由營利性質之婚姻仲介媒合而來。隨著愈來愈多仲介業者的出現以及日增的跨國(境)婚姻仲介糾紛,政府於2007年確定以公益化政策管理跨國(境)婚姻媒合者的方針,並輔導既存之仲介業者轉型為非營利性質之跨國(境)婚姻媒合協會。協會與新移民女性在臺生活福祉息息相關,但探究協會功能與角色的研究甚少,本文因此形成,探究協會之媒合服務內涵以及形塑此服務內涵的機制。依據訪談結果,可以發現協會所提供的媒合服務內容繁複多樣,不單僅是提供跨國(境)相親的平台而已。相親之前,協會會「教導」臺灣男性「正確」的結婚心態、「調查」男方當事人的身家背景,並以「好女人」標準「篩選待嫁新娘」;相親過程中強調「毀婚契約」的簽訂,並以符合男尊女卑的性別規範來「培訓新嫁娘」;新娘來臺以後,協會繼續提供「婚後輔導」以協助適應。觀看這些媒合服務,本文進一步指出協會的營利需求、道德考量、其持有的男尊女卑性別觀念與種族化的意識形態偏見,是築基此媒合服務地景的重要機制,其中營利與道德又是共存共生的,而新移民女性在此媒合服務中將可能感受保護,同時又受到箝制。本文最後針對政府治理跨國(境)婚姻媒合協會以能增進新移民女性在臺生活福祉的面向來提出建議。

並列摘要


The prevalence of transnational marriage can be witnessed in Taiwan in the late twentieth century where Chinese women and Southeast Asian women dominate numerically. Most immigrant wives married Taiwanese through the operation of profit-pursuing marriage brokerages (i.e. Zhongjie) that had been transformed into non-profit marriage agents (i.e. Xiehui) by Immigration Act amended in 2007. It is clear that Xiehuis play a key role on immigrant wives' migrating process and living experiences in Taiwan. Concerned with these women's welfare, this paper thus aims to explore the content of matchmaking services of Xiehuis. Based on in-depth interviews with 14 interviewees working in 12 Xiehuis, I show that the matchmaking services offered by Xiehuis are diverse, including ”teaching” Taiwanese clients ”correct” marriage attitude, ”researching” Taiwanese clients' background, ”sifting” ”good” bride-candidates, signing a conditional marriage contract, ”training” newlywed brides, and providing material assistance. I further found that these diverse matchmaking services, underpinned by profit-pursuing motivation, professional ethics, traditional family gender division and racialization, may protect immigrant wives from swindle, but may also restrict them to be empowered. To respond to the research findings and to improve immigrant wives' well-being in Taiwan, this paper concludes by proposing recommendations for policy-making and enhancing programs and further research.

參考文獻


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