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  • 期刊

台灣不同地區黑糯玉米族群農藝性狀及子實成分之變異

Variations in Agronomic Traits and Kernel Composition of Waxy Corn

摘要


本研究主要目的探討台灣栽培的不同黑糯玉米族群之農藝性狀、一般組成分及抗氧化活性的變異情形,並進一步配合分子標記分析技術做為佐證,茲將試驗結果摘述如下:春作不同黑糯玉米族群農藝性狀之表現上,穗行數呈極顯著差異;穗徑呈顯著差異;株高、穗位高、果穗乾重、穗長、單穗籽粒數、籽粒乾重及百粒重均未達顯著差異。而在秋作農藝性狀方面,株高、穗位高呈極顯著差異;穗長呈顯著差異;果穗乾重、穗徑、單穗籽粒數、籽粒乾重、百粒重及穗行數均未達顯著差異。春作不同黑糯玉米族群一般組成分方面,粗脂肪及粗纖維呈顯著差異;水分、灰分、粗蛋白、無氮萃取物均未達顯著差異。秋作方面,粗脂肪呈極顯著差異;粗纖維呈顯著差異;水分、灰分、粗蛋白、無氮萃取物均未達顯著差異。春作不同黑糯玉米族群之抗氧化活性方面,總酚與類黃酮未達顯著差異;亞鐵離子螯合能力與總抗氧化能力呈極顯著差異;捕捉DPPH自由基能力與還原力均未達顯著差異。在秋作方面,總酚與類黃酮未達顯著差異;捕捉DPPH自由基能力呈極顯著差異;總抗氧化能力呈顯著差異;亞鐵離子螯合能力與還原力均未達顯著差異。由DNA分子標誌分析顯示,春作與秋作在各族群間皆有相似的條帶,亦有部份不同的條帶。 綜觀上述結果可知,台灣黑糯玉米族群長年在不同地區栽培,已明顯產生遺傳差異現象。

並列摘要


The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of different waxy corn (Zea mays) populations grown in Taiwan. The agronomic characters and general compositions of all populations were analyzed. Also, ISSR technology was utilized to demonstrate the differences between populations. Results were summarized as follows: Regarding agronomic characters differences in the spring crop, there was no significant difference in ear diameter, but rows of kernels per ear showed the greatest remarkable difference. However, plant height, ear dry weight, ear length, kernel number per ear, grain dry weight and 100-kernel weight showed no significant differences. As regards the agronomic characters differences of the fall crop, ear length, plant height and ear height all had significant difference. However, ear dry weight, kernel number per ear, grain dry weight, 100-kernel weight and row per ear all showed no significant differences. Nevertheless, there were some differences in composition. About the spring crop, crude fat and crude fiber had significant differences. However, moisture, ash, crude protein and N.F.E had no significant differences. For the fall crop, experiments showed that there were significant differences in crude fiber. In addition, crude fat also showed the greatest significant difference. However, moisture, ash, crude protein and N.F.E showed no significant differences. The results of the genetic relationship analysis by ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) were consistent in both spring and fall crop season. The experiments results showed that all waxy corn populations of the spring crop could be divided into three groups, namely: (1) Yunlin, Tainung No.5 (2) Funong and (3) Puzih, Singang, Heimeizhen. The fall crop season could also be divided into three groups, namely: (1) Minsyong (2) Wufong, Taitung, Puzih and (3) Yunlin, Singang, Tainan. This research indicated that waxy corn populations had new ecological genetic differentiation in Taiwan.

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