入學考試的潛在課程分析

Analysis of Hidden Curriculum of Entrance Examination

黃政傑(Jenq-Jye Hwang)

《課程與教學》 6卷4期 (2003/10) Pp. 1-18+183

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.200310.0001

摘要

入學考試是影響學校教育的重要環節，對考生而言，其高賭注的性質使它的影響力成為教育改革過程中難以忽視的因素。入學考試是入學制度的核心，不論入學制度如何改變，入學考試表現總是決定錄取與否的關鍵，中上學校招生選才及教育正常化，都受到入學考試直接或間接的衝擊，而其隱含難見的潛在課程更為重要。國內對入學制度及入學考試改革之論述甚多，但從潛在課程的角度深入探討者較為少見。本文簡單分析入學考試的正向潛在課程後，再就其負向潛在課程進行較為整體的探討，指出其強化社會行業職業階層地位體系，製造單一學習成就觀點，形塑追逐明星學校之觀念，合理化全人教育理念之漠視，劃分學校知識階層、窄化學校課程範圍，形成校內社會階層及校外社會再製，塑造競爭求勝心態，教導教育、教學及學習等於升學考試表現的觀念，出現澆冷水效應而造成自我墮落及自我毀滅，扭曲師生關係和同學關係。本文最後從學校內部、學校外部及入學制度改革三個途徑，分述入學制度潛在課程之因應方法。

關鍵字

入學考試 ； 入學制度 ； 潛在課程

並列摘要

The entrance examination is a very important factor which influences educational performance of schools and universities. Due to its high-risk nature, the entrance examination should become the main focus of educational reform. The entrance examination is the center of any entrance system, the performance of a student always determines his/her future in education ladder. The entrance examination influences educational performance either directly or indirectly, however, the indirect impact through its hidden curricula seems more important than its direct impact. This paper analyzes the hidden curriculum of entrance examination at schools and universities in Taiwan, among them are: strengthening the reproduction of vocational status in society, forming a single learning achievement point, establishing ideas of pursuing prestigious schools and universities, ignoring ideals of the education of a whole person, producing ideas of education, instruction and learning equal to entrance examination performance, facilitating self-destruction effect on low achievement students, twisting student-teacher relationship and student peer relationship. This paper then proposes ways to cope with hidden curricula of entrance examination by reforming factors within and outside schools, and changing entrance system itself.