教學經驗中的美感特質探討－杜威美學的觀點

以往從工具理性來探究課程，往往忽略了教學歷程的複雜性，以及師生的主體性。而若是將課程視為美學，注重的是教育主體所創造的經驗，以及他們內在的情感與價值信念，它有助於提高了人們在經驗中的的所思、所感和所知，使師生回到經驗本身，真誠而認真的面對它們。杜威（J. Dewey）在《藝術即經驗》一書中，提出了完整經驗的概念，認為當經驗的主體沈浸於一個事件之中，他們真誠而專注的的參與其中，使自己的理性與感性相融合，成就了一種具統一性質的經驗，並於經歷過後，具有滿足、盡致淋漓的感受，這樣即是一種「完整經驗」。完整經驗中帶有美感的性質，而「美感經驗」乃是完整經驗的極致表現。杜威呼籲我們將生活的經驗，作為美感發芽的種子，以生活中所發生的事物，來彰顯「美」的本質。以這樣的觀點來看待教學歷程，我們必須著重微觀的教學場域，自教學歷程中感知師生具美感性質的完整經驗，以及美感經驗。透過杜威的美學觀來探知師生在教學歷程中所感受的美感經驗，期望能夠為課程美學的研究，提供另一個視角與關照，共同開創課程美學繽紛燦爛的可能性。

關鍵字

課程美學；杜威；美學觀；完整經驗；美感經驗

並列摘要

When we regard the curriculum as esthetics, we will pay attention to the experiences which the students and teachers create together. The esthetic of curriculum stresses intrinsic emotion, value, as well as and faith. It is helpful to extend the students' and teachers' thought, feeling and knowledge, and enable them to return to the experience of the instruction. To recognize the subjectivity of teachers and students, J. Dewey addressed the concept of ”an experience” in his 《Art as Experience》. He thought that if people had be immersed in an event, blending the rationality and the feeling together in this experience, they would achieve one kind of an unified experience, and them would feel satisfy. An experience in which the esthetic quality exists as ”the esthetic experience”, is the best one of the experience. Dewey appealed us to create an experience and esthetic experience in our life. By Dewey's views, we must observe and inquire the instruction field. From the process of teaching and learning, we can explore what the experiences which students and teachers create, and how they feel in them. I expect that it could provide another view to the esthetic curriculum.

並列關鍵字

Dewey ； esthetics ； an experience ； the esthetic experience

參考文獻

Dewey, J.(1934).Art as experience.New York:Capricorn Book.

Google Scholar

Eisner, E. W.(1994).On the design of evaluation of school programs.New York:Macmillan.

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