社區老年人跌倒之預防及護理措施

The Prevention of Fall and Nursing Intervention in Community-dwelling Elderly People

趙明玲(Ming-Ling Chao) ； 方郁文(Yvonne Fang) ； 高淑芬(Shu-Fen Kao)

《領導護理》 6卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 31-35

https://doi.org/10.29494/LN.200506.0005

摘要

每年65歲以上老人有1/3以上會發生跌倒，跌倒易發生骨折及意外傷害的危險外，也造成老人功能障礙與行動不便，需要長期照護。此外，更造成很多老人雖然沒有真正跌倒經驗，但心生畏懼而減少了正常的活動。研究顯示約有25-40%的老人在內心存有害怕跌倒的恐懼，進而影響其日常生活，使年齡所造成的功能性衰退更加明顯及快速，進而造成老人感到沮喪及社交隔離。若能讓老人在安全的環境下從事正常的活動，免除老人陷入跌倒的恐懼當中，不僅可維持其功能及活動，提高老人的生活品質，也可防止老化之提早發生。護理人員應收集與患者有關的資料，評估其可能跌倒的因素，給予預防跌倒的知識、教導簡單的四肢運動、步態訓練、枴杖使用，及緩慢起身等方法，除提供老人照護外，應兼顧老人的生理、心理，以及社會的需要。此外，在台灣地區，家庭仍為老人的主要照顧來源，因此，提供家庭實用的健康照護需要，方能達到提高老年患者的護理品質及更完善之家庭照顧功能。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 跌倒

並列摘要

One-third of the population age 65 and older fall each year. Falls result in happening fracture and accidents easily. Also, falls cause not only functional disability and inconvenient actions, but also need long-term cares. Fear of falling affects 25% to 40% of older adults, many of who have not fallen, and fear of falling is an independent risk factor for functional disability. Fear of falling is associated with depression and social isolation, too. If the elderly can do normal activities in safe environment, they will avoid fear of falling and keep their functions and activities. They can not only promote their quality of life, but also prevent the happening of aging. Nurses should collect the related data of the clients and assess the risk factors of fall. Eventually, nurses can teach the preventive knowledge of fall, simple extremities exercise, gait training, crutch use, and standing up slowly to the elderly. Moreover, the physiologic needs, mental needs, and social needs of the elderly shouldn't been neglected. Also, the main resources of care come from their families in Taiwan. Thus, nurses should provide practical family health care needs in order to promote the quality of care and achieve completely well family care functions.

並列關鍵字

elderly people ； fall