預防性訓練計劃對於女性運動員前十字韌帶傷害預防效果：系統性回顧與統合分析

Effectiveness of Training Program on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

陳永錚(Yung-Cheng Chen) ； 賴怡婷(Yi-Ting Lai) ； 李茵(Yin Lee) ； 林佩伶(Pei-Ling Lin) ； 施怡芬(Yi-Fen Shih) ； 陳文英(Wen-Yin Chen) ； 李雪禎(Hsuei-Chen Lee)

《物理治療》 37卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 30-40

摘要

背景與目的：許多運動訓練被應用於預防前十字韌帶受傷，特別是針對受傷機率較高的女性運動員。本研究目的在於探討運動訓練對於預防女性運動員前十字韌帶受傷的效果，透過次族群分析，確認何種訓練參數與運動組合是比較有效的介入方式。方法：搜尋資料庫中2010年5月以前比較有無神經肌肉訓練介入對前十字韌帶傷害發生率影響的隨機控制研究或前瞻性世代研究進行系統性回顧及統合分析。結果：顯示預防性神經肌肉訓練介入可有效減少女性運動員前十字韌帶受傷發生率，其前十字韌帶受傷人數勝算比為0.46。次族群分析結果顯示，小於18歲青少年、下肢型態運動、同時在球季前與球季中訓練及訓練項目為增強式訓練合併肌力訓練（強調腿後肌群訓練）皆有較好的預防效益；此外，專業訓練者指導、結合多媒體訓練、總訓練次數小於等於36次和每次訓練小於20分鐘能達到更好的預防受傷效果。結論：對於女性運動員，預防性神經肌肉訓練可以有效減少前十字韌帶傷害發生率。建議未來針對小於18歲下肢型態運動之女性運動員，由專業訓練員設計執行肌力訓練加強後腿肌群結合增強式神經肌肉訓練以預防前十字韌帶傷害。

關鍵字

前十字韌帶傷害 ； 預防性神經肌肉訓練 ； 女性

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common problem in many sports, and lots of exercise programs are designed for preventing ACL injury, especially for female athletes with higher incidence. The purposes of this study were to assess the effectiveness of training program on ACL injury prevention in female athletes through systematic review and meta-ana1ysis. Methods: Literature search were performed using Ovid MEDL1NE, Cochrane 1ibrary, and Chinese Electronics Periodica1 Services (CEPS) up to May 2010. All randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were included for analysis and PEDro scale was used to determine the quality of articles. The odds ratios (OR) of ACL injury incidence were estimated and represented the overall effectiveness of training. Results: Nine studies were included in our ana1ysis. The resu1t favored neuromuscular training for reducing ACL injuries (OR=0.46). The training parameters contributing to a successfu1 preventative neuromuscular training included a program consisting of plyometric and hamstrings strengthening trainings, covering both pre-season and in-season phases, and conducted by professional trainers and/or with multimedia instructions. The preventative effect of training was more prominent for female athletes who participated in lower extremity sports before adulthood. Conclusion: Neuromuscular exercise training programs could effective1y prevent ACL injury in female athletes, particu1arly for females under the age of eighteen and participating in lower extremity sports.

並列關鍵字

Anterior cruciate Iigament injury ； Preventive neuromuscular training ； Female