壘前與壘後起跑方式之生物力學分析

A Biomechanical Analysis of Base-Front and Base-Back Starts in Baserunning

林國華(Kuo-Hwa Lin) ； 劉強(Chiang Liu)

《大專體育學刊》 9卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 47-55

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.200703_9(1).0004

摘要

This study examined the kinematics and kinetics differences between the two kinds of baserunning starts, base-back and base-front starts, in baseball and softball. The subjects are fifteen players of the National Chinese Taipei Women's Softball Team (age=22.47±3.02yrs, weight=62.13±10.31kg, height=163.47±5.79cm, softball experience =10.00±2.56yrs). Two Sony 60Hz digital cameras and a synchronization of one-axial acceleometer (1000Hz) with a AMTI force platform were used for filming the two baserunning starts. All films were analyzed, filtered and linear-converted by ariel performance analysis system to obtain the baserunning time as well as the velocity of take-off. The force signals received by the Acknowledge 3.5.2 software were then analyzed and calibrated to get parameters of the maximum propulsive force, the propulsive impulse, the maximum vertical force and the vertical impulse. The resultant parameters were divided by individual bodyweight (BW) as the normalizer. The data were statistically analyzed with descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test (α=0.5). The result indicated that base-back start is significantly better in baserunning time (3.19±0.11s vs. 3.28±0.14s), velocity of take-off (2.17±0.15m/s vs. 2.04± 0.25m/s), the propulsive impulse (0.03±0.014m/s vs. 0.02±0.012 m/s), the maximum vertical force (1.01±0.33Nt/BW vs. 0.53±0.34Nt/BW) and vertical impulse (0.19±0.068m/s vs. 0.08±0.048m/s) than the base-front start (p＜.05). Because the base-back start saves more baserunning time than the Base-Front start, we suggested that softball players in all kinds of baserunning situations as well as the baseball players encountering the third-base outfield sacrifice fly adopt the base-back start for a better time advantage and a greater chance to reach the base safely.

關鍵字

跑壘 ； 離壘時機 ； 壘球 ； 棒球

並列摘要

This study examined the kinematics and kinetics differences between the two kinds of baserunning starts, base-back and base-front starts, in baseball and softball. The subjects are fifteen players of the National Chinese Taipei Women's Softball Team (age=22.47±3.02yrs, weight=62.13±10.31kg, height=163.47±5.79cm, softball experience =10.00±2.56yrs). Two Sony 60Hz digital cameras and a synchronization of one-axial acceleometer (1000Hz) with a AMTI force platform were used for filming the two baserunning starts. All films were analyzed, filtered and linear-converted by ariel performance analysis system to obtain the baserunning time as well as the velocity of take-off. The force signals received by the Acknowledge 3.5.2 software were then analyzed and calibrated to get parameters of the maximum propulsive force, the propulsive impulse, the maximum vertical force and the vertical impulse. The resultant parameters were divided by individual bodyweight (BW) as the normalizer. The data were statistically analyzed with descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test (α=0.5). The result indicated that base-back start is significantly better in baserunning time (3.19±0.11s vs. 3.28±0.14s), velocity of take-off (2.17±0.15m/s vs. 2.04± 0.25m/s), the propulsive impulse (0.03±0.014m/s vs. 0.02±0.012 m/s), the maximum vertical force (1.01±0.33Nt/BW vs. 0.53±0.34Nt/BW) and vertical impulse (0.19±0.068m/s vs. 0.08±0.048m/s) than the base-front start (p＜.05). Because the base-back start saves more baserunning time than the Base-Front start, we suggested that softball players in all kinds of baserunning situations as well as the baseball players encountering the third-base outfield sacrifice fly adopt the base-back start for a better time advantage and a greater chance to reach the base safely.

並列關鍵字

baserunning ； take-off timing ； softball ； baseball

參考文獻

莊英萬(2002)。棒球跑壘的研究及訓練。中華體育。63，39-44。

Hunter, J. P.｜Marshall, R. N.｜McNair, P. J.(2005).Relationships between ground reaction force impulse and kinematics of sprint-running acceleration.ournal of Applied Biomechanics.21,31-43.

Israel, R. G.(1976).Time comparison among the cross-over step, Jap-step and two types of sprinter's starts in base stealing.Research Quarterly.47(2),196-201.

Israel, R. U.(1976).Time comparison among the cross-over step, Jap-step and two types of sprinter`s starts in base stealing.Research Quarterly.47(2),196-201.

Kraan, G A.｜Veen, J. V.,Snijders, C. J.,Storm, J.(2001).Starting from stand: Why step backwards?.Journal of Biomechanics.34,211-215.