以生理反應指標驗證「兒童A型量表」之效度

The Validation of a Measure of Type A Behavior Pattern in Children with Psychophysical Indexes

胡悅倫(Yueh-Luen Hu) ； 洪光宗(Guang-Chu Hung)

《測驗年刊》 48卷2期 (2001/07) Pp. 51-86

摘要

本研究旨在以生理反應指標驗證兒童A型量表之效度，即經由兒童的生理反應驗證兒童A型量表的效度，增加對兒童A型行為傾向測量的精準性。而兒童A型量表共有三個因素：「時間緊迫感」、「努力競爭與成就」及「攻擊性與敵意」。每位受試者均須依序接受三個實驗遊戲：空白時間估計、數字劃記、話語挑釁性境。「空白時間估計」實驗，測量「時間緊迫感」因素，依變項為時間（秒）：「數字劃記」實驗，測量「努力競爭與成就」因素，依變項為受試正確劃計的數目：「話語挑釁情境」實驗，測量「攻擊性與敵意」因素，依變項為口語及非口語反應之分數總和。每位受試在實驗進行中，其非慣用手皆接上膚電反應器，故膚電反應為以上三個實驗共同依變項。本研究以台北縣汐止國小四年級學生120人為施測對象。A/B 型行為傾向的分類方式，計有分量表及總分等兩種。以分量表分類時，取全體受試自評各分量表得分最過之33%為A型行為傾向者，得分最低之因33%為B型行為傾向者。總分之分類法亦相同。本研究探2（性別） × 2 （行為傾向） 二因子完全受試者間變異數分析，性別分男女，行為傾向則分為A型及B型行為傾向。結果發現：在三個實驗有二個實驗顯示，A型受試表現出較緊張及較具競爭性：一是在「空白時間估計」實驗中，A型受試比B型受試更容覺得時間緊迫；二是在「數字劃記」實驗中，A型受試B型受試更努力，表現出較強的競爭性；且女性受試比男性受試更努力，表現出較高的競爭性。在膚電反應的比較上，「數字劃記」的實驗中，A型受試比B型受試有更高的膚電反應值，但在其他兩個實驗，A型與B型受試敗無差異存在；而膚電反應在性別上則無差異存在。故本研究部分證實本土化兒童A型量表之效度。

關鍵字

生理回饋 ； A型行為傾向 ； 兒童 ； 生理反應 ； 行為表現 ； 膚電反應 ； 效度

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to validate a measure of Type A behavior pattern in children with psychophysical indexes. The measure of Type A behavior pattern in children composes of three factors: time pressure, competition and achievement, aggression. In the experimental tasks, time pressure, competition, and aggression were tested by time estimation task, crossing out number task and provocation task, respectively. In time estimation task, the dependent measures are the number of “3” crossed out. In provocation task, the dependent measures are verbal/nonverbal aggressive behavior and force (1bs.). However, the common dependent variable for all of three tasks in physiological reaction (skin conductance) through computerized biofeedback system. The measure of type A behavior pattern in children (Lin, 1991) was administered to 4-grade students in Si-Jau elementary school. Subjects were in the upper (type A’s) and lower (Type B’s) 33% of distribution of the scale scores. Both of the total score and sub-scale scores were used to make a classification of type A and type B. A total of 120 fourth-grade children participated in the following factorial design: 2 (classification-type A and type B) x 2 (sex-male and female). Type A children performed in a more accelerated/intense or competitive manner than did type B children on 2 of the 3 tasks (rapid time estimation and crossing out number) as predicted. Females exhibited in a more competitive behavior than males. Type A children showed in a more exaggerated physiological reaction than did type B on one of three tasks (crossing out number). No sex difference was found in physiological reaction. Partial support is provided for the validation of a Chinese version measure of Type A behavior pattern in children.

並列關鍵字

Type A behavior pattern ； children ； physiological reaction ； skin conductance ； validity

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