小菜蛾對21種登記殺蟲劑的田間感受性調查及敏感品系感受性基準資料的建立

Susceptibility of the Field Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) to Several Recommended Insecticides in Taiwan

許如君(Ju-Chun Hsu) ； 龔庭毅(Tin-Yi Kung) ； 劉佩芳(Pei-Fang Liu) ； 李建佑(Jian-You Li) ； 馮海東(Hai-Tung Feng)

《台灣昆蟲》 32卷1期 (2012/03) Pp. 25-40

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2012002

摘要

小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）是國內重要的十字花科蔬菜害蟲，因其極易對藥劑產生抗藥性，為使田間防治用藥有感受性比較的基準，特以數十年前採自田間所建立之室內品系為感性品系，建立21種藥劑（包括6種有機磷類（美文松（mevinphos）、佈飛松（profenofos）、陶斯松（chlorpyrifos）、乃力松（naled）、賽達松（phenthoate）及普硫松（prothiofos））、2種胺基甲酸鹽類（納乃得（methomyl）、加保扶 （carbofuran））、4種除蟲菊酯類（第滅寧（deltamethrin）、芬化利（fenvalerate）、賽滅寧（cypermethrin）及百滅寧（permethrin）、3種沙蠶毒素類似物（免速達（bensultap）、培丹（cartap）、硫賜安（thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate））、3種抗生類（阿巴汀（abamectin）、因滅汀（emamectin benzoate）及賜諾殺（spinosad））、因得克（indoxacarb）、芬普尼（fipronil）及克凡派（chlorfenapyr）的感受性基礎資料。另外，為瞭解田間小菜蛾對現行登記用藥的感受性調查，做為抗藥性比較的基準及防治用藥的參考，以浸漬甘藍葉餵食法測試2003及2006年採自臺灣不同地區共12個田間族群之小菜蛾感受性。將野外攜回之幼蟲及蛹以芥藍苗或甘藍葉等寄主植物飼育繁殖，待第一子代二齡幼蟲測試其對等20種藥劑的感受性（普硫松除外）。結果顯示，來自不同地區之小菜蛾對測試殺蟲劑的感受性存在差異，對納乃得、加保扶、芬化利及百滅寧的LC50濃度高於登記濃度數十倍，且室內蟲的感受性低，建議不要使用這些用藥；對加保扶、芬化利、百滅寧、阿巴汀及芬普尼的抗性程度變異很大（10～100倍），LC50的值亦高於田間使用濃度，建議暫時不要使用這些藥劑在小菜蛾的防治，讓田間的蟲回復感性後，再檢討使用。經由這二年的調查，田間小菜蛾較適宜的推薦用藥為美文松、乃力松、培丹、硫賜安及因密汀，但因小菜蛾對藥劑產生抗藥性的速度很快，其感受性資料需再更新，使用時需輪替用藥，以延長藥劑在小菜蛾上防治的使用期限。

關鍵字

感受性 ； 小菜蛾 ； 殺蟲劑 ； 基礎資料

並列摘要

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is a major pest of cruciferous vegetables, because of its ability to quickly develop a high level of resistance towards insecticides. To establish the insecticide susceptibility baseline for future comparison, susceptible DBM strains that were collected from the field several decades ago were used to establish and generate data. Twenty-one tested insecticides consisted of six organophosphates (mevinphos, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, naled, and phenthoate), two carbamates (methomyl and carbofuran), four pyrethroids (deltamethrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, and permethrin), three nereistoxin (bensultap, cartap, and thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate), three antibiotic insecticides (abamectin, emamectin benzoate and spinosad), and three others (indoxacarb; fipronil and chlofenapyr). Also, in order to gain a better understanding and collect additional data on the susceptibility of field DBM to registered insecticides for use as a comparison baseline and as a control strain for reference purposes, we used cabbage leaves dipped in insecticides to test a total of twelve field populations of DBM collected from different regions of Taiwan in 2003 and 2006. Twenty insecticides (except prothiofos) were used to test the susceptibility on the second instar larvae of F1 and F2. Results showed that DBM from different regions of Taiwan showed diverse levels of susceptibility to methomyl, carbofuran, fenvalerate, and permethrin showing LC50 concentrations that were ten times higher than the Plant Protection Manual said. As a result of the low insecticide susceptibility of the indoor assays, the following insecticides are not recommended for use against DBM. Carbofuran, fenvalerate, permethrin, abamectin, and fipronil all showed high degrees of resistance variation (10-100 times), and the LC50 values were also higher than indicated in the Plant Protection Manual. Therefore, at this time, these insecticides are not recommended for use against DBM until their susceptibility levels have returned to pre-use levels, and their use as an insecticide has been fully reviewed. After two years of research, we have concluded that mevinphos, naled, cartap, thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, and emamectin benzoate are the most appropriate insecticides to use against DBM, but because DBM rapidly develops resistance to these insecticides, the susceptibility data should be subject to regular updates. Insecticides should be used in rotation so as to extend their duration of efficient use.

並列關鍵字

Susceptibility ； Plutella xylostella ； insecticides ； baseline