腕豆蚜成為發育模式物種之研究歷程、顯著性與未來展望

Establishment of the Pea Aphid as a Developmental Model Organism: History, Significance, and Future Prospects

蕭逸旻(Yi-Min Hsiao) ； 林季瑋(Gee-Way Lin) ； 張俊哲(Chun-Che Chang)

《台灣昆蟲》 33卷3-4期 (2014/02) Pp. 215-235

https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2013016

摘要

模式物種之建立對於瞭解發育多樣性以及拓展生物學新知具有重大的貢獻。果蠅（Drosophila melanogaster）成為發育遺傳學之重要模式動物，已為最佳例證之一。長期以來蚜蟲雖為重要農業害蟲，然而直至近年豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）之全基因體序列解碼後，方始能躋身於模式昆蟲之列。此一全基因體序列可供科學家在探討蚜蟲的發育多型性、適應性、內共生菌、病毒傳遞等重要議題時，提升至分子和系統的層次。在本文我們以豌豆蚜為例，綜合論述其生殖細胞特化和前後體軸發育之研究進展，同時亦說明它如何成為新興發育模式昆蟲之歷程。對於發展關鍵技術以利基因功能分析，以及研究蚜蟲生長發育對未來基礎與應用農學之重要性，亦有進一步之評析與展望。未來，我們將致力於將蚜蟲提升為更成熟之模式物種。

關鍵字

蚜蟲 ； 胚胎 ； 模式物種 ； 發育多型性 ； 生殖細胞

並列摘要

Establishment of model organisms can greatly enrich the understanding of developmental diversity and the expansion of biological knowledge. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, being an important model of developmental genetics, has become one of the notable examples among animal models. Aphids have a long history as a notorious insect pest, but they have not been considered as an insect model until the recent publication of whole genome sequence of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This accessible genome has allowed studying developmental polyphenism, adaptation, aphid-bacterial symbiosis, and virus transmission-all of which are research problems difficult to access in existing model organisms-on a molecular and systematic level. Here, we review the progress of germline specification and anteroposterior axis development in the pea aphid, describing how the pea aphid has become an emerging insect model for developmental studies. In addition, we also argue for the urgent need of functional tools necessary for genetic analysis and propose future studies on both basic and applied agricultural sciences. Our ultimate goal is to establish aphids as a mature insect model.

並列關鍵字

aphids ； embryo ； model organism ； developmental polyphenism ； germ cells