西式划船高負荷訓練生理反應

划船運動為週期性運動項目，影響船艇行進速度的關鍵有三大因素：划漿頻率、划距、拉漿力道。透過專項特殊性訓練方式，提升划漿頻率、划距、拉漿力量，為划船競賽致勝的關鍵因素之所在。高負荷訓練指超出一般訓練負荷，所超出的負荷弦度30%~50%之間。高負荷訓練階段在划船運動中持續時間約1~4週不等，常運用於賽前階段。配合適當的減量訓練以期達到提升運動能力表現的最終目的。研究結果顯示，高負荷訓練階段後，對人體所造成的影響有：一、血液中血紅素、紅血球、血比容數值的下降；二、運動中最大心跳率下降，安靜時心跳率的升高；三、血乳酸、睪固酮／皮質醇比值的下降，肌酸激酶數值的上升。這些指標的變化不種能反應訓練課中訓練強度、訓練量制定的適切性，也是反應訓練成效的重要指標。高負荷訓練後配合減量訓練的使用對於提升運動表現的研究結果並不一致，但研究者一致認為主要的原因，可能是身體產生疲勞尚未消除，而導致運動表現無法提升。

關鍵字

西式划船；過度訓練

並列摘要

Rowing is a periodic exercise. There are 3 key factors, tempo, stroke distance and stroke strength, effect the speed of boat. How to promote the key factors by some kind of special training methods is crucial. High intensively training is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the strength. Before the competition, it's commonly used in the rowing training last for about 4 weeks. And with appropriate tapering, the promotion is expectable. Research says, after the overload training sets, the human body indexes are influenced: 1. The decrease of the hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit in blood. 2. The increase of rest heart rate and decrease of maximal heart rate. 3. The increase of creatine kinase (CK) and decrease of lactate, testosterone/cortisol ratio. The change of the indexes shows if the strength and volume are suitable. They are also an important index to the result of the training. But the results of high intensive training and tapering are not quite the same. But the researcher thinks the main reason possibly is the body fatigue not yet eliminates ,causes the performance to be unable to promote.

並列關鍵字

rowing ； overtraining

參考文獻

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