There were 15 cases of suspected avian botulism between December 2002 and November 2006. Botulinum neurotoxin genes or neurotoxin could be detected in the specimens from 6 cases of avian botulism and two strains of Clostridium botulinum also have been isolated. We conducted neutralization tests of samples from cases of avian botulism, and the toxins related to avian botulism were neutralized with both type C and D antitoxins. The results of PCR with type C and D neurotoxin specific primers and an analysis of nucleotide sequences revealed that the neurotoxic gene from avian botulism comprised two thirds of the type C neurotoxin gene and one third of the type D neurotoxin gene. This indicated that the neurotoxin of avian botulism was a mosaic of type C and D neurotoxins and that the mosaic neurotoxin was probably a main etiology causing some forms of avian botulism in Taiwan. This was the first complete report in Taiwan.
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