丙烯醯胺之代謝、神經毒性與對食品安全之影響

Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Food Safety Influences of Acrylamide

陳炯翰(Jong-Hang Chen) ； 詹東榮(Tong-Rong Jan) ； 張芳嘉(Fang-Chia Chang) ； 周晉澄(Chin-Cheng Chou)

《臺灣獸醫學雜誌》 37卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 63-73

https://doi.org/10.7009/TVJ.201103.0063

摘要

丙烯醯胺(acrylamide)為水溶性具乙烯基之化學單體物質，廣泛應用於各相關工業及蛋白質分析，對於神經系統的影響已在職業工人與實驗動物研究中被證實，International Agency for Research on Cancer將之歸類為Group 2A的人類可能致癌物；2002年在高溫加工食品中發現丙烯醯胺物質後，更引發食品安全的疑慮。本文經由文獻蒐集回顧，探討丙烯醯胺物質性，並針對神經系統影響機制以及食品中的暴露評估進行探討。人類流行病學研究指出，工人暴露丙烯醯胺物質會導致運動失調、小腿無力、腳趾分開以及神經系統的神經障礙；民眾飲食暴露與子宮、卵巢和腎臟癌有顯著相關。排尿為丙烯醯胺主要的排除途徑，glutathione (GSH)的結合與CYP2E1轉換有決定性影響。丙烯醯胺物質具致癌性、基因突變、繁殖毒性及神經毒性，主因為乙烯基易與蛋白質及DNA的amino (NH2)及sulfhydryl (SH)官能基進行Michael-type親核性反應形成鍵結物所致。丙烯醯胺暴露引起神經症狀已在不同動物實驗及形態學證實，神經細胞神經軸絲腫脹與遠端神經軸變性之中樞－周邊神經軸病變是影響神經系統的主因。許多食品已偵測出丙烯醯胺的存在，如何減少暴露及更詳盡的流行病學調查對避免其毒性影響是必須的。

關鍵字

丙烯醯胺 ； 食品毒物 ； 神經毒性 ； 致癌性 ； 繁殖毒性

並列摘要

Acrylamide is a water-soluble vinyl monomer and has many applications in industries and protein analysis. Acrylamide is neurotoxic to humans and laboratory animals, and has been classified as ”2A, probable human carcinogen” by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Acrylamide was found in high temperature processing starchy food in 2002 and that raised food safety concerns in general population. This paper explored the general toxic effects of acrylamide and the influences of neurological systems as well as safety assessment of food consumption through literature review. The epidemiologic survey indicated that under exposure to acrylamide causes ataxia, hindlimb skeletal muscle weakness, foot splay and nervous system neuropathy. Dietary exposure of humans is positively associated with endometrial, ovarian, and renal cell cancer risks. The major metabolic route of acrylamide is through urine elimination and the critical influences are determined by glutathione (GSH) conjugation and/or CYP2E1 transformation. Acrylamide has carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity that are probably through the Michael-type of nucleophilic addition reaction of DNA or protein adducts. Multifocal neurofilamentous swellings and eventual degeneration of distal axon regions are related to a central-peripheral distal axonopathy by acrylamide intoxification. Since acrylamide has been reported in a variety of food, further epidemic surveys and the decrease of human daily exposure levels are essential to prevent the adverse effects caused by acrylamide.

並列關鍵字

acrylamide ； carcinogenicity ； food toxicant ； neurotoxicity ； reproductive toxicity